Reflection Of A Discourse Community - 1587 Words

Growing up I didn’t socialize with people so it was hard for me to join a discourse community. But we I was around the age of fifteen I joined the basketball team, and ever since then it became my discourse community. In this paper, I’m going to explain how the team was a discourse community to me. And what roles we did to become a discourse community. Many people say basketball is all about winning games. But its more than that, I’ve learned many concepts in the game of basketball I’m going demonstrate what made my basketball team a discourse community. Definition What is a discourse community? What do John Swales mean by a discourse community? And what are the six steps in a discourse community? â€Å"A discourse community is a group of people that’s trying to reach their goals, and everyone has different functions. These public goals may be formally described as concepts that play a part in a discourse community† (Swales220). Discourse community have six steps. And these steps are â€Å"goals or purpose the group want†, â€Å"has mechanism of intercommunication among its members†, â€Å"uses it participatory mechanisms to provide information and feedback,† â€Å"utilizes and hence possesses one or more genres in the communicative furtherance of its aims,† â€Å"acquired some specific lexis†. â€Å"level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise† (220-222). By having these six steps it provides all of the concepts in a discourse community. These six s teps are like theShow MoreRelatedReflection Of A Discourse Community1591 Words   |  7 Pagesknows that his or her achievement depends on a community of persons working together.† We do not often realize how important it is for everybody to work together to achieve a goal. A community is a group of individual people gathered together to form a whole, like a school, local church, government entity, non-profit organization, sport team, etc. This whole can make reference to a discourse community. According to John Swales, discourse communities are unions where individuals have a common purposeRead MoreA Reflection On A Discourse Community999 Words   |  4 PagesA  discourse community  is a group of people who share a set of discourses, understood as basic values and assumptions, and ways of communicating about those goals. John Swales  defines a discourse community  as groups that have goals or purposes, and use communication to achieve these goals. The community I choose to identify with is special education. Special education teachers, or aids, really dedicate themselves and their time to others who need special assistance or treatment. The California DepartmentRead MoreReflection Of A Discourse Community2004 Words   |  9 Pagesdefines a discourse community as an exclusive group of people brought together by a common goal. According to John Swales (1990), every discourse community has six characteristics that makes them a discourse community. Overall the group must have a shared goal, in which they communicate with each other through different genres and lexis they have developed; genres are different types of communication that the group employ and lexis is the specialized language utilized by that particular discourse communityRead MoreReflection Of My Discourse Community1683 Words   |  7 Pagesusing sound foreign. That is what is so interesting about discourse communities. Everyone is a part of a discourse community whether it is your family, religion, or activities you partake in. The discourse community that I am apart of is my pledge class in the Sigma Phi Epsilon chapter here at Southeast. We all met at the beginning of the school year yet we are already so close we call each other brothers. I observed my discourse community on two different occasions. The first time I observed themRead MoreThe Reflection Of A Motorcycle Riders Group As An Discourse Community1688 Words   |  7 Pages we focused on discourse communities: which in fact are a group of people who share same values, beliefs, ideas, interest using same language and method of communication to achieve a certain goal. The people in discourse communities requires the certain level of knowledge and expertise in the field and becomes part of the discourse community by understanding and using logos, ethos, and pathos to discuss, explain and argue their own interest and knowledge within their own community using the own methodRead MoreThe Mysteries Of Molecular Medicine And Genetics916 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the Research Problem have helped me towards achieving course learning outcome number 3:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Use a flexible writing process and varied technologies to produce texts that address the expectations of the student’s disciplinary or professional discourse community in terms of claims, evidence, organization, format, style, rhetorical situation, strategies, and effects by drawing on an explicit understanding of the genre(s) being composed.†Ã‚  This learning outcome is focused towards writing, and my ORP bestRead MoreTransferring Knowledge907 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscursive practices, metacognition, critical reflection, and strategies to transfer knowledge that has been gained to other events in our lives. Learning about the structures of discourses and how writing is constructed specifically to the context by which the writing is produced in is a very valuable skill which can be transferred to many other situations I may face in my future. The process by which writing is begun, knowing how discourse communities function, and understanding the metacognitiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Anne Beaufort s Words, A Better, Product1599 Words   |  7 Pagesill-prepared writers, incompet ent and limited to one discourse community. i.e. bad â€Å"products.† However, English 3010 is a course for upper-level students, and the emphasis is on conducting research by drawing from the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and professions in preparation for Writing Intensive courses in the majors and beyond. In relation to the course learning outcomes, the works I have done have been majorly about Discourse, discourse communities, genres, writing expertise, research questionsRead MoreThe Examination Of Human History Displays The Connection Of Learning And Technology764 Words   |  4 Pagesthis learning paradigm: ï‚ § Learners’ use of previous intelligence to obtain new intelligence. ï‚ § Learners recognize the difference between their previous and new intelligence. ï‚ § Learners apply their new intelligence and obtain feedback. ï‚ § Learners’ reflection on information learned to ensure this intelligence is fully integrated into memory. ï‚ § The Constructivist theory’s implications for distance education learning are vast and can be met by many of today’s technologies. Ally (2008) suggests the following:Read MoreThe Discourse Of A Discourse Community1224 Words   |  5 PagesA discourse community is defined as a group of people involved in and communicating about a particular topic, issue, or in a particular field. We all belong to multiple discourse communities.To earn a position of a discourse community one must possess accurate knowledge, establish reliability of members to be accepted and learn to persuade other members of the community. The discourse community that I identify with personally and the profession I plan to pursue is the world of film production. However

The Quiet American Essay - 743 Words

The Quiet American The film The Quiet American takes place during the 1950’s in Vietnam. The movie illustrates the atmosphere of Vietnam previous to the Vietnam War and during the French occupation of the country. The main plot of the movie revolves around three characters: Fowler played by Michael Caine, Pyle played by Brendan Fraiser, and Phoung played by Do Thi Hai Yen. For the duration of the movie the three main characters are involved in a semi love triangle. This triangle and the emotions that the male characters feel towards Phoung begin to characterize the way they feel about the country of Vietnam itself. Vietnam becomes feminized, taboo, and sexualized just as Phoung does in Pyle and Fowler’s eyes. The manner in†¦show more content†¦Pyle doesn’t love Vietnam so much as he hates communism, in the same way he doesn’t love Phoung so much as he does not want Fowler to have her. Fowler on the other hand walks a thin line between noninvolvement and participatio n within the situations at hand. Fowler believes that Vietnam should be left to make its own decisions, but at the same time he is afraid of the consequences of such choices. This policy of noninvolvement and noncommittal is the same way that he approaches all the situations within his life. Fowler does not want to become concerned with the circumstances occurring in Vietnam and he also does not wholeheartedly become involved in the situation between Pyle and Phoung until he is forced to do so. He essentially permits Phoung to decide whom she wants to be with until he is compelled to leave his state of neutrality when it does not seem as if he will become the winner of her heart. Yet again Fowler’s feelings towards Phoung embody his feelings towards Vietnam. Fowler wanted to give Phoung a chance to make her own decisions until he becomes petrified that she will choose the stability of Pyle rather than himself. In a similar way, Fowler believed that Vietnam should be able to c hoose what would occur in its own future but he was afraid at the same time that they would make the wrong decision and elect a communist leader. Although Phoung’s embodiment of Vietnam is the majorShow MoreRelatedThe Quiet American by Graham Greene1629 Words   |  7 PagesGraham Greenes novel, The Quiet American, is more than a political statement about whether or not America or any other country for that matter should become involved in the affairs of another country; Greene makes the question human and personal. The novel can be read as a political and moral reflection on the opening stages of the United States’ involvement in Southeast Asia. Therefore, Greene’s novel becomes a commentary on the pointlessness of the United States’ later investment of men and materialRead MoreThe Quiet American By Graham Greene1272 Words   |  6 Pages The Quiet American was a book originally written in 1955 by Graham Greene, inspired by the first French Indochina w ar in Vietnam placed during 1951 - 1954. The author adds a love triangle in the mist of war’s chaos to deepen the reader’s interest. His decision to create a fictional love story during a turbulent time in our history proved to be successful, even though, Greene insists, This is a story and not a piece of history. Bushnell reflects Greene’s comment adding, Unfortunately, The QuietRead MoreThe Quiet American, By Graham Greene1430 Words   |  6 Pagesbiased to their innocence, which often causes more harm than good. In The Quiet American, by Graham Greene, Alden Pyle is an innocent, and therefore problematic, character. The novel is set in 1950s Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Pyle is representative of the American forces in the war as his primary goal is to stop communism, and he surmises that he knows the best way to do it. Because of this, he is an example of American exceptionalism, believing that he is most apt to solve the crisis in VietnamRead MoreEssay on The Quiet American by Graham Greene1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Quiet American is written by Graham Greene. This novel is about the conflict between Alden Pyle and Thomas Fowler. The novel’s events have already taken place and Fowler is the narrator of the story. Thomas Fowler, a man in his fifties, is a British journalist who has been covering the events taking place in the French War in Vietnam for over two years. He chooses to remain neutral between the sides of the battles he covers. He meets Alden Pyle, a young American who is well educated and secretlyRead MoreThe Quiet American - Taking Sides Is Human789 Words   |  4 PagesThe Quiet American, by Graham Greene, implements a number of techniques to persuade the reader to believe that taking sides is human. This is done mainly through character development, events, narrative and setting. Using these techniques, Graham Greene is able to successfully create invited readings which support his views. Important to this process, character development is the center of this novel, and a powerful force behind the beliefs and invited readings presented by the text. Using charactersRead MoreThe Theme of Guilt: Enduring Love, Quiet American2059 Words   |  9 PagesThe theme of guilt: Enduring Love, Quiet American Before starting my essay, I would like to share an extract from an article which is related my topic. I think it is better to start scientific definition of my main argument Guilt as a moral concept. In this article, shame and guilt are being discussed and I am going to connect with the characters of the books I am going to write about them. â€Å"Analyses of personal shame and guilt experiences providedRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness And The Quiet American1581 Words   |  7 PagesHeart of Darkness and The Quiet American, the treatment of women and victims of imperialism are almost indistinguishable. Joseph Conrad and Graham Greene were both aware of the constraints women in the 19th and 20th century faced for simply being rational and intelligent. Women were objectified and a straightjacket of propriety, during a time of greed and corruption. Although both works contain moments of this reoccurring suppression, Heart of Darkness and The Quiet American do recognize the power womenRead MoreEssay on The Quiet American1280 Words   |  6 PagesThe Quiet American How long can you sit on the fence and not get involved? How long before youre forced to choose sides? Thomas Fowler learns the answers to this dilemma the hard way. Fowler at the onset of our story, describes himself as being an objective observer, purposely not taking sides, just telling over the facts. My fellow journalists called themselves correspondents; I preferred the title of reporter. I wrote what I saw, I took no action- even an opinion is a kind of action. (20)Read MoreThe Quiet American - Imaginative1970 Words   |  8 Pagesfoolish to realize that in the end, it was only USA gaining the benefits of my work. Here we are Mr. Allen, said the petty officer driving the Humvee. Thanks for the ride, I wont need the ride back today, I replied. No problem. Back to the American air base in Fallujah, the last time I had been asked to come here was back 3 weeks ago when the first attack upon the building I had originally stayed in had been bombed to ashes. As all the soldiers had told me, that event would be listed as anRead MoreConflicts Involve a Clash of Ideas, Interests and Expectations.808 Words   |  4 Pagescan be small scaled and result in political debates, or in contrast, they can result in colossal wars as we’ve seen in the past century. This is as true in literature as much as life. Graham Greene proves this notion in his allegoric novel The Quiet American, as he draws upon political ideologies and represents these through the characters in the novel. Greene places the characters within the context of Indochina War, and presents relationships of the characters symbolically to represent the circumstances

Global Effort of Improving Health Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Global Effort of Improving Health. Answer: Issue The World Health Organization (WHO) has published estimation that one-third of the global population has no access to the medicines they require. It has been found that improved access to the vital medicines would advance the global effort of improving health in the developing part of the world and for tackling key diseases like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria. It is one of the considerations of WHO that fair access to safe and inexpensive medicines is fundamental for the achievement of the best possible health standard by everyone. In this context, the issue of medicine supply in developing countries is a major concern (WHO | Access to Medicines, 2017). Background In the public sector of lower and middle income countries (LMIC), the average availability of generic medicines is just 38%, whereas, the private sector availability is higher, with an average of 64% (Leisinger, Garabedian Wagner, 2012). However, the medicines of private pharmacies are not affordable. In developing countries, medicines build a huge economic burden on the healthcare systems and households, owing to the consumption of 25-65% of the total private and public health expenditure and 60-90% of the health expenditure in households (Leisinger, Garabedian Wagner, 2012). Progressively more, demands are being put on the pharmaceutical industry for contributing towards the improvement of the access to medicines for the poor patients in the LMICs. Of the Millennium Development Goals, three of them are directly focusing on health issues reduction in child mortality, improvement in maternal health and combating malaria, HIV/AIDS and other diseases (Roffe, 2012). Current Status The WHO considers that in the developing countries, unacceptably low health outcomes are the result of the failure of health systems. The concern is that governments of most of the developing countries are spending majority of their resources on other sectors instead of health and education, and whatever little is applied are either wasted or misallocated due to politics or corruption. Despite international dedication and unprecedented donor support, efforts for improving access to medicines require a vast amount of improvement. In 2014 and 2015, the global drug spending increased by 9%, outpacing both the economic growth and overall health expenses (Moon, 2017). The highlight is that for long what the LMICs has been facing till date, the concern has reached the high income countries too. Inadequate innovation and unaffordable medicines have turned into global issues. Similar to climate change, they are in need of international cooperation and public policies. Key Considerations According to WHO (WHO | Access to non communicable diseases medicines, 2017) every year nearly 35 million people die because of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Approximately 80% of this happens in the LMICs, which could have been avoided if they were treated with essential medicines. Unfortunately, the situation is generally poor in majority of the LMICs in terms of access to these chronic disease medicines. Approximately a decade ago, the crisis in medicine access pushed the elevation of infectious diseases towards being a foreign policy issue and became the reason for the mobilization of billions in global health support (Bollyky, 2013). On the other hand, trade liberalization can have both a positive and negative influence on the access to medicines. It promotes transfer of goods and services, technologies and investments that can advance the access of medicines directly by expanding access. However, the benefits gets contested by displayed disparities in economic growth related to trade and investments, exacerbated income disparities within countries and increased fiscal and food insecurity. In place of public health protections, trade liberalization also acts as a crucial upstream deciding factor of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs are one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide today (Ebrahim et al., 2013). Trade liberalization is a driver of NCDs via two major pathways. The first is that it can facilitate the global diffusion of risky commodities that causes NCDs in the first place, like tobacco, alcohol and processed food across international borders. Transnational risk commodity corporati ons (TRCCs) manufacture, market and distribute these kinds of commodities on an international level and is considered as a key mechanism. Instead of helping with providing access to medicines for essential treatment, trade liberalization allows the TRCCs rapid movement of investments, production capacity, technologies, raw materials and final products across borders, driving consumption of risky commodities. Moreover, trade liberalization even supports the intellectual property rights of transnational pharmaceutical organizations and TRCCs. It potentially restrains the access to medicine and technologies that are used for the deterrence or cure of NCDs. The LMICs have the greatest need for NCD related essential medications (Baker, Kay Walls, 2014). The main reason behind the lack of access to medicines are multiple, however, the elevated prices are a huge barrier to required treatment. The World Trade Organization Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement provides 20 years of patent protection for pharmaceuticals and additionally counts in safeguarding options like compulsory licensing for making sure countries get the chance to override patents in cases where they become a barrier to the access of medications. The Millennium Development Goal No. 6 acknowledges the need to combat malaria, HIV/AIDS and other diseases, and goal 8E addresses the need for improving the accessibility of inexpensive medicines for the worlds poor. The access is not adequate in developing countries though (Hogerzeil et al., 2013). Majority of the Australians in some way have interacted with NCDs they either had it themselves or knew someone who has. This has taken place despite of the country taking great strides in the direction of facing and tackling these diseases. Smoking related diseases have been controlled with the help of advertising, heavy tobacco taxes and changing mindsets regarding passive smoking. Due to this control, improved medical treatments and dietary improvements, large numbers of deaths that could have happened due to heart disease and stroke was taken care of. Even though the health system in Australia is not perfect, it is still much better than a lot of other countries. Australia has public education programs too, that have made such a big difference. However, the attention still falls short in terms of funding, health policy and program implementation for effective prevention (Moodie, Tolhurst Martin, 2016). To further assist in better access to medicines, the Australian delegation can speak up regarding what they have learnt about in their fight against NCDs and the non-availability of medicines. There needs to be efforts to reduce the population in Asia and Pacific who because of NCD have lost their eyesight. These conditions have had a greater negative impact than many other conditions, both communicable and non-communicable. For better access of medicines, first there is a need of intervention by extremely qualified health practitioner to make sure proper use is done of the medicines. The state and territory government with the pharmaceutical industry must cooperate to take up responsibility of the regulatory arrangements of essential medicines. A cooperative action must continue to ensure efficient, modern registration and schedules that are consistent with the community interest and best practice principles (Department of Health | National Medicines Policy Document, 2014). Options WHOs Ex-Director General, Margaret Chan opined that essential medicines can act as interventions, and if they are used properly can even save millions of lives each year and trim down needless suffering. It is already proven that mortality and morbidity can be reduced with the help of good governance, smart resource spending in accordance with the real needs, and good health requires medicine. A moral imperative exists that equal distribution of resources for the improvement of medicinal access for the needy and vulnerable. Governments have the option of taking the step of facilitating noteworthy progress in the direction of development of medicinal access, even if there are budget restraints, such as abolishment of sales tax, import tariffs and duties on medicines. In some instances, capacity and efficacy in the public sector are low and adoption of strategies placing huge workload on public institutions might prove to be detrimental. It is the shared responsibility of the pharmaceu tical industry, international community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to improve the access to medicines. The international community can attempt coordination, concentrate on improving health systems over vertical programs and evaluating the different required and unnecessary effects of interventions. NGOs need to be given better opportunities so that they can contribute to the achievement of the global health goals. NGOs can campaign for increased and better-coordinated health care resources and promotion of sustainable health systems. It is the responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry to the provision of success to essential and affordable drugs in the LMICs (Leppo et al., 2013). Conclusion Proper actions and effective mechanisms to make sure the access to medicine is possible assist in the quality and proper use of those medicines. It is the responsibility of a Minister for Health to make sure misuse and misallocation of essential medicines does not happen. WHOs ultimate goal of providing access to everyone on this planet of medicines is the only way to avoid such life harming disease like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The current problem of access to medicines can be solved somewhat by reviewing the existing practices and incorporating the suggested steps. References Baker, P., Kay, A., Walls, H. (2014). Trade and investment liberalization and Asias noncommunicable disease epidemic: a synthesis of data and existing literature.Globalization and health,10(1), 66. Bollyky, T. J. (2013). Access to drugs for treatment of noncommunicable diseases.PLoS medicine,10(7), e1001485. Department of Health | National Medicines Policy Document. (2014).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/national-medicines-policy Ebrahim, S., Pearce, N., Smeeth, L., Casas, J. P., Jaffar, S., Piot, P. (2013). Tackling non-communicable diseases in low-and middle-income countries: is the evidence from high-income countries all we need?.PLoS medicine,10(1), e1001377. Hogerzeil, H. V., Liberman, J., Wirtz, V. J., Kishore, S. P., Selvaraj, S., Kiddell-Monroe, R., ... Lancet NCD Action Group. (2013). Promotion of access to essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: practical implications of the UN political declaration.The Lancet,381(9867), 680-689. Leisinger, K. M., Garabedian, L. F., Wagner, A. K. (2012). Improving access to medicines in low and middle income countries: corporate responsibilities in context.Southern med review,5(2), 3. Leppo, K., Ollila, E., Pena, S., Wismar, M., Cook, S. (2013).Health in all policies-seizing opportunities, implementing policies. Sosiaali-ja terveysministeri. Moodie, A. R., Tolhurst, P., Martin, J. E. (2016). Australias health: being accountable for prevention.Med J Aust,204(6), 223-225. Moon, S. (2017).Powerful Ideas for Global Access to Medicines NEJM.New England Journal of Medicine. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1613861#t=article Roffe, P. (2012).Negotiating health: Intellectual property and access to medicines. Earthscan. WHO | Access to Medicines. (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.who.int/publications/10-year-review/medicines/en/ WHO | Access to non communicable diseases medicines. (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/access_noncommunicable/en/

The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students

The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essayon Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations, short distances between cities, and large financial resources. In America there were different circumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, large stretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts of money. (Railroad 85) The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah (Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Alleghenies to reach their goal on Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries of the Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachian mountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connected to the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another one crossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, the pace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacific building from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento, California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war to help promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines running only as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few lines running North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeen hundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream shared by many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make by having an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to serve their needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts and hunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout the exploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created much excitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Until the war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalled by much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamored for it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have taken another twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it was a commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline of competition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileage of track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulated that the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border (Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aid the government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction of the transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided that two companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they came together (255). .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .postImageUrl , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:hover , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:visited , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:active { border:0!important; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:active , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Judicial Activism vs Judicial Restraint Essay First, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line and clearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of the railroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded (flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them came the track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000, for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The supplies needed to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry four hundred tons of . The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi Essay on The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi Essayon Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. ;Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations, short distances between cities, and large financial resources. In America there were different circumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, large stretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts of money. ; (;Railroad; 85) The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah (Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Alleghenies to reach their goal on Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries of the Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachian mountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connected to the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another one crossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, the pace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacific building from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento, California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war to help promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines running only as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few lines running North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeen hundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream shared by many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make by having an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to serve their needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts and hunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout the exploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created much excitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Until the war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalled by much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamored for it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have taken another twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it was a commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline of competition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileage of track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulated that the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border (Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aid the government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction of the transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided that two companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they came together (255). .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .postImageUrl , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:hover , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:visited , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:active { border:0!important; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:active , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tropical Africa: Food Production And The Inquiry M EssayFirst, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line and clearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of the railroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded (flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them came the track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000, for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The supplies needed to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry four hundred tons of rail and timber, ties, bridgings, fuel, and food, which all had to be . The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay onThe Transcontinental Railroad and Westward ExpansionThesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion inthe United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England,had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Railroads were born in England, a country with densepopulations, short distances between cities, and largefinancial resources. In America there were differentcircumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, largestretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts ofmoney. (Railroad 85)The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports ofBoston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah(Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Allegheniesto reach their goal on Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries ofthe Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachianmountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connectedto the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another onecrossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West ofthe Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanentrailroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, thepace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacificbuilding from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento,California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war tohelp promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10,1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines runningonly as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few linesrunning North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra NevadaMountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeenhundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream sharedby many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make byhaving an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to servetheir needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts andhunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout theexploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created muchexcitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Untilthe war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalledby much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamoredfor it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have takenanother twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it wasa commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline ofcompetition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinentalrailroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileageof track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulatedthat the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border(Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aidthe government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction ofthe transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided thattwo companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they cametogether (255). .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .postImageUrl , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:hover , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:visited , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:active { border:0!important; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:active , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ideologies EssayFirst, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line andclearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of therailroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded(flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them camethe track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000,for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The suppliesneeded to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry fourhundred tons of The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay on Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations, short distances between cities, and large financial resources. In America there were different circumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, large stretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts of money. (Railroad 85) The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah (Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Alleghenies to reach their goal on `Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries of the Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachian mountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connected to the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another one crossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, the pace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacific building from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento, California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war to help promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines running only as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few lines running North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeen hundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream shared by many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make by having an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to serve their needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts and hunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout the exploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created much excitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Until the war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalled by much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamored for it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have taken another twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it was a commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline of competition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileage of track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulated that the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border (Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aid the government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction of the transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided that two companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they came together (255). .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .postImageUrl , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:hover , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:visited , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:active { border:0!important; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:active , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellin Essay First, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line and clearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of the railroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded (flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them came the track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000, for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The supplies needed to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry four hundred tons of rail and timber, ties, bridgings, .

20 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on Computational Genomics

20 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on Computational Genomics The saying ‘having a complete awareness about one’s self is important to personal growth’ is one that can also be applied in the field of computational genomics for a couple of reasons which will be explained below. But first, here is a brief explanation of computational genomics; the field of computational genomics is the use of computational analysis to analyze the data provided by the human genes, DNA and RNA. As stated earlier, here is where parallels between the above saying and computational genomics are drawn. The analysis of genomic sequences provides man with a window into the thorough understanding of our past such as modern man’s relationship to the Neanderthals. This ability to discover the past and trace its effects to our future development has pushed the narrative of human evolution as well as helped scientist trace diseases, their cause and effect with the aim of predicting life cycles and developing vaccines to cure ancient ailments. Now, for those tasked with the responsibility of writing on computational genomics, this article is intended to serve as a topic directory as well as a tutorial on drafting a compare and contrast essay topic on the stated subject matter. The 20 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Discussing the Similarities and Differences between the Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Comparing and Contrasting the Historic Roles of Cell Biology and Basic Biology in Computational Genomics Understanding the Roles of Cells in Computational Genomics against its Role in Medicine Analyzing the Roles of DNA and RNA in Computational Genomics Comparing the Roles Played by 20th Century Biologist to 21st Century Scientist in Computational Genomics Discussing the Importance of Gregor Mendel’s Role in Advancing the Field of Computational Genomics Understanding Chromosomes with an Aim to Compare and Contrast their Role in Genomics Understanding DNA Sequencing and the 1977 Milestone and its Effects to Sequencing the First Organism Understanding the difference between the Haploid and Diploid Genome Sequencing Analyzing the Role of Mathematical Computations in Sequencing Genomes Comparing the Importance of the James Watson Group against Craig Venter’s Enterprise Sharing or Concealing Discovered Genome Sequences: The Effects to the field of Genomics What are Genomics and Computational Genomics? Discussing the Importance of Data Science to Computational Genomics Understanding the Application of Combinatorial Pattern Discovery in Computational Genomics Analyzing the Importance of Molecular Biology in Computational Genomics Analyzing Recent Development and Future Directions in Computational Genomics Computational Genomic Analysis Using the G-language Project Comparing and Contrasting the Difference between Genetics and Genomics Analyzing Computational Challenges in the Analysis of Ancient DNA As earlier discussed, these topics are intended to provide you with some additional   inspiration when searching for a compare and contrast essay topic to kick-start your assignment. The topic ‘Analyzing the roles of DNA and RNA in Computational Genomics’ will be drafted below to provide some guidelines on writing a compare and contrast essay. Sample Essay on the Analyzing the Roles of DNA and RNA in Computational Genomics In computational genomics, human genes, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) all play important roles both on their own as well as simultaneously in the analysis of genetic sequences. In this essay I intend to analyze the similarities and differences in the roles played by DNA and RNA in computational genomics. First and foremost, I believe it is important to understand the concept of both factors for it plays an integral role in explaining their functions as well as the contrasting and similar features binding DNA and RNA together. DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all modern living organisms while RNA acts as the messenger which carries the DNA instructions needed to control the synthesis of protein in an organism. A simplified analogy of their symbiotic relationship is that of a computer’s operating system and internal programs that make the system function. Here, DNA is the operating system while RNA is the supporting program. The similarities between both DNA and RNA are quite impressive, and scientists make use of these similarities in computational genomics in multiple ways. Some of these similarities are basically structured as can be seen from the fact that both RNA and DNA are made up of monomers called nucleotides. This structural similarity goes forward to include the fact that both factors contain pentose sugars and have the base pair of guanine and cytosine which are necessary for the cells to produce protein and are important factors in analyzing genes. While the similarities between a cells’ DNA and RNA are generally contained towards the structural end, the contrasting features are more notable when the functions of both phosphoric acids are compared. Looking at their base function; DNA provides the biological blueprint that serve as guidelines for the human cell, it does this by producing and storing relevant information needed for the transfer of biological information within species and from one generation to the other. RNA on the other hand, also serves a different complementary function that is also quite important. It serves as the carrier of information for the DNA through the nucleus to the ribosome. It is important to note that the important factor in computational genomics, genes, are found in small strands in the DNA and not the RNA. This means that DNA provides the most important data needed for computational genomics while the RNA provides complementary data to support the analytical process. In conclusion, the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA all work together to make computational genomics possible and this has led to scientific advances such as the sequencing of genes and understanding the pathology of diverse diseases and epidemics. Here we come to the end of this article covering compare and contrast topics on the subject of computational genomics. Also recommended for extra reading are the follow-up articles covering 10 facts for a compare and contrast essay on computational genomics and the compare and contrast essay guide on computational genomics. References: Raychaudhuri, S. (2006). Computational Text Analysis for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics. Zheng, Y., Li, X. and Hu, H. (2014). Computational discovery of feature patterns in Nucleosomal DNA sequences. Genomics, 104(2), pp.87-95. Mao, Y. and Salavati, R. (2009). Genome-wide Computational Identification of Functional RNA Elements in Trypanosoma Brucei. BMC Genomics, 10(1), p.355. Treangen, T. and Salzberg, S. (2011). Repetitive DNA and Next-generation Sequencing: Computational Challenges and Solutions. Nature Reviews Genetics. Satellite Workshop on Comparative Genomics, Research in Computational Molecular Biology (2011). Journal of Computational Biology, 18(9), pp.1019-1021. Nawrocki, E. and Eddy, S. (2013). Computational Identification of Functional RNA Homologs in Metagenomic data. RNA Biology, 10(7), pp.1170-1179. Pareek, C. and Tretyn, A. (2011). Sequencing Technologies and Genome Sequencing. Journal of Applied Genetics, 52(4), pp.413-435.

A latent infection Essays

A latent infection Essays A latent infection Essay A latent infection Essay A latent infection refers to an infective agent, in this instance a virus, staying in an inactive or hibernating province [ I ] . This can happen in both DNA and RNA viruses, including Herpes Simplex virus and HIV. The virus life rhythm includes two parts, the lytic and lysogenic rhythm. Latent infections come under the lysogenic rhythm. This latent phase is utile in hedging an immune response so the virus lasts for a longer clip within the host cell. The lytic rhythm is the chief rhythm where reproduction occurs and is shown below in diagram 1. The first phase is attachment where the virus attaches to the host cell via a receptor. The viral nucleic acid is either injected into the cell through incursion or the whole virus atom is taken up by endocytosis. If the virus was taken up in this manner it now needs to be uncoated so the viral nucleic acid is exposed in the cytol of the host cell. The following phase is cistron look and the control of cistron look determines the overall class of a virus infection ( acute, chronic, relentless or latent ) ( Principles of Molecular Virology, 4th edition, Alan J. Cann, 2005 ) . Depending on the type of nucleic acid, DNA or RNA, look and reproduction of the cistron can take topographic point in the cytol or the karyon of the host cell. Assembly so takes topographic point to acquire all the constituents necessary to do a new virion together and they are packaged into membranes and envelopes. This is known as the ripening procedure and is the point when the virus becomes infective. Replication occurs rapidly and so many mature virions are made, that they are released from the host cell through lysis of the cell wall. The virions can now reiterate this procedure on another host cell to distribute the infection. Diagram 1 the lytic and lysogenic rhythms: Viral DNA/RNA is incorporated into the host genome in the lysogenic rhythm besides shown in diagram 1. The host genome is now termed a prophage and the viral nucleic acid replicates as a portion of the host cell and can be passed onto girl cells. No new virions are made in this rhythm and there are no symptoms from the infection. The viral nucleic acid can stay in the lysogenic rhythm for a long clip but if the prophage is triggered by emphasis or UV visible radiation, the rhythm can return back to the lytic rhythm where new viral offspring is formed. Viral latency is portion of the lysogenic component of the virus life rhythm. Gene look is down regulated so, in this latent province, the virus is non being replicated ( Janeway s Immunobiology, 7th edition, Murphy et Al, 2008 ) . The viral nucleic acid is integrated into the host genome and replicates with the host genome but no new viral proteins are being made. This happens at a point after the initial infection with the virus. There is no disease nowadays in this phase but the virus has non been eradicated. The virus can be reactivated from a latent province to a lytic province due to a figure of factors. These include emphasis, sunlight or hormonal alterations. A reversion to the lytic phase of the life rhythm consequences in viral proteins being made and the infection returning, but perchance in a different look compared to the initial infection. The latent province is maintained by the written text of certain cistrons, either maintaining the virus in the latent province or returning it back to the lytic. The forms of the latent phase can be studied utilizing bacteriophage lambda as it does non do disease. Diagram 2 below shows in graph signifier how the virus can travel in and out of a latent province over clip. Diagram 2 latency graph demoing viral burden vs. clip The virus in the latent phase does non bring forth any proteins, which makes it undetectable to the immune system as there are no sensing markers. The virus can besides conceal in cells that do non split, for illustration in some cells of the immune system. The virus does non acquire broken down or engulfed by macrophages as it has become portion of the host cell. The latent phase is a good manner of lasting in a host cell in order to reinfect the host subsequently on. It can so besides spread to other host cells, advancing drawn-out endurance and perennial infection. In a productive infection, the lytic rhythm is activated and viral proteins are made. This is different to the latent phase. The virus would merely last for a certain period of clip in a productive infection until it was eliminated from the host. Herpesviruses do latent infections in many different carnal species ( Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th edition, Dimmock et Al, 2007 ) . Herpesviruses can do different sorts of diseases, for illustration, poulet syphilis, the Herpes Simplex Virus and the Epstein-Barr virus. The Herpes Simplex Virus or HSV has many types, which include Type 1, associated with cold sores around the oral cavity and Type 2 with venereal herpes. Once infected with the HSV virus, it infects the mucose membranes around the oral cavity. The viral DNA of HSV1 so integrates into the host genome in nervus cells called nervous ganglion [ two ] . Viral look is restricted during the latent phase, so no viral offspring is formed. The virus can be in the latent phase and remain in the organic structure for the remainder of its life, perchance repeating at different phases. If the virus is reactivated from the latent phase, it goes into the lytic phase and replicates to organize new viral offspring, which reinfects the mucose membranes of the oral cavity. The new infection can besides look as a signifier of herpes zosters after reactivation. The latent phase of HSV1 has no effects on the host and no symptoms are produced from it unless reactivated into the lytic rhythm. Factors that affect the reactivation of HSV1 include other unwellnesss, for illustration a cold, sing nerve-racking state of affairss either emotionally or physically an d hurts. Within the nervous cells, in the latent phase, RNA sequences are expressed called Latency-associated Transcripts ( LATs ) . There are tonss of LATs and they modify procedures within the host cell so it is non removed by the immune system. This is the merely active portion of the virus during the latent phase and they help keep latency within the cell. LATs are besides required for reactivation. The Epstein-Barr virus or HHV-4 virus is besides portion of the herpes virus household. Peoples infected with the Epstein-Barr virus are frequently symptomless for most of their lives. If the infection arises in a kid, there is an acute infection. However, if the infection arises in an grownup, it can do glandular febrility. Symptoms include a sore pharynx, conceited secretory organs and a febrility [ three ] . The infection starts in the salivary secretory organ and can hence be dispersed direct contact with the septic spit, for illustration, through caressing. It lasts for around 2-3 hebdomads but after that clip, there are no longer symptoms and the virus remains latent in resting, memory B lymphocytes [ four ] . When the B cells are infected with EBV, they proliferate and T cells are recruited to acquire rid of septic B cells. Reactivation of the EBV virus frequently causes a subclinical infection but can besides do malignant neoplastic diseases, like Burkitt s lymphoma, largely found in Africa or B cell lymphoma. When the virus is in a latent province the cistrons are expressed in the round signifier of an episome, instead than a additive signifier in the lytic province. Upto nine viral proteins are expressed in the latent province which is a little sum compared to the viral proteins produced in the lytic province. These specific proteins help to keep the latent province. These include six Epstein-Barr atomic antigens ( EBNAs ) and three latent membrane proteins ( LMPs ) [ 5 ] . EBNA-1 is the lone one of these proteins which is necessary for DNA reproduction and the others are used in cell procedures like cell signalling. EBNA-1 is besides the lone antigen nowadays in Burkitt s lymphoma and T cells ca nt adhere with it, so ca nt acquire rid of the septic cell. Human Immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) is a RNA retrovirus, which causes AIDS. AIDS is a status where the immune system has been degraded so much that it can no longer contend against infection. HIV contains 2 RNA strands and is covered by a protein coat. When HIV infects a cell, rearward RNA polymerase is used to change over its RNA into DNA so that reproduction can happen within the host. After infection, the virus either replicates quickly to infect other cells or goes into the latent province in CD4+ T lymphocytes. HIV is known as a slow virus which means it takes a long clip to bring forth symptoms, frequently taking to a late diagnosing of the disease. An infection with HIV causes flu like symptoms at first, before going symptomless and traveling into a clinically latent stage. In this stage there is still reproduction of the HIV virus in some cells but some of the virus has gone into a latent province, which means some of the virus is active and some is inactive. The clinical la tency phase varies in length from hebdomads to old ages and the virus can still be passed on to other people as the retroflexing virus is besides present. CD8 T cells are responsible for the diminution of the virus but they can non extinguish the virus. Peoples with the HIV virus carry the disease for the remainder of their lives. Anti-retroviral drugs and chemotherapy can non acquire rid of the virus from the latent phase, so even if the activated virus was eliminated, the virus can still re-emerge. The latent virus can be reactivated but the specific grounds for this happening are non known. Reactivation of the virus from the latent phase, consequences in more serious symptoms developing and leads to the oncoming of AIDS. To reason, latent infections are another manner that certain viruses can hedge the immune responses of the host. The virus can either conceal in cells in certain tissues like the Herpes Simplex Virus or conceal in B cells of the immune system like the Epstein-Barr virus. HIV is a RNA virus that prolongs the life of the virus by concealing in CD4+ cells. All these viruses can be reactivated to do a ulterior infection. Often the reverting infection is acute but sometimes more serious infections arise for illustration malignant neoplastic diseases like Burkitt s lymphoma upon reactivation of the EBV virus. The latency phase is a clever technique of the virus to remain in the host for a longer period of clip. hypertext transfer protocol: //dictionary.reference.com/browse/latent Latent Viruss and Diseases from World of Microbiology and Immunology. Â ©2005-2006 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/ebv.htm Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th edition, Dimmock et Al, 2007 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.science.org.au/nova/026/026key.htm

Corporate Social Responsibility is Fundamental to Developing a Global Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility is Fundamental to Developing a Global Reputation - Essay Example The company can build sustainable operations by investing in corporate social responsibility. Therefore investing in corporate social responsibility is fundamental to developing a global reputation. This is demonstrated by multinational corporations such as Johnson & Johnson and Starbucks. They have invested in different programmes of corporate social responsibility and thus have been able to face the recent financial crisis more effectively than competitors. The objective of developing a global reputation cannot be attained unless the multinational corporation is able to offer products and services which promote social and environmental standards. By enforcing social and environmental standards, a multinational corporation invests in corporate social responsibility which leads to a global reputation. Introduction Globalization leads to increased international trade through the reduction of tariffs. Increased international trade creates global companies which can be defined as those companies which possess production/marketing operations in more than one country. One of the key success factors for global companies is corporate social responsibility, defined as taking into account the impacts of business operations on the society and the environment in addition to the traditional measurement of the company’s profits. This creates an operational framework in which global companies have to take local concerns into consideration. By conducting operations in a manner which takes into consideration their social and environmental impacts, a global company is able to build a good reputation globally. The objective of this paper is to explore how corporate social responsibility enables a multinational corporation to develop a global reputation. Analysis of key issues Globalization increases the volume of international trade by reducing the national barriers to trade such as tariffs and subsidies. This leads to the creation of a multinational corporation which can conduct production and marketing operations in more than one international market. An example of globalization is China’s entry into the World Trade Organization enabling western companies to set up operations in the fast growing Chinese economy. However the Chinese market is still regulated by the government and there is a considerable level of regional fragmentation in the government regulations. Therefore it is essential for foreign organizations to develop a good reputation in the Chinese market so as to create a good image in the local communities. This is one of the key success factors given the rising level of competitive rivalry as the Chinese market has been liberalized enabling foreign companies to set up their operations in the fast growing market. As a result companies need to develop programs of corporate social responsibility to develop a competitive advantage by developing a global reputation. Global companies can implement programs of corporate social respons ibility by taking into account the triple bottom line (McConnell & Brue, 2007). First the global company has to take into consideration the costs of managing people when it comes to transferring operations to a foreign market. This focus enables the management to conduct operations in a socially responsible manner so that employee satisfaction is maximized. Second, the company has to take into consideration the environmental costs of global operations. This means that the management takes into account the impact of its operations on the planet. Third, the company takes into account the traditional measurement of profits. Therefore the triple bottom line consists of people, planet and profit, also known as the three P’s. By conducting its global operations according to the triple bottom

Coffe Shop Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Coffe Shop - Assignment Example Such a center would comprise of the serenity of a calm environment while also providing the rejuvenating refreshments that often correlates with a hassle-free refuge as a necessity for academic or professional research. Of course, the goal of combining the library/caf institutions would be to increase attendance to both the establishment and the downtown community. Like any business, a survey of current customers, i.e. readers/researchers, along with potential attendees must be taken into account if this establishment is ever expected to thrive. Therefore, samples of both categories of people were surveyed to answer the caf/library proposal. The first category of people were provided by Tony Barnett and library staff to meet an established criteria of frequent users, ages ranging from thirty to fifty years. Category number two is composed of individuals solicited by researchers that reside or are employed within a one-mile radius of the downtown area. These individuals are also within the thirty to fifty age ranges. With these candidates, the survey brings the opinions of both current attendees and very potential attendees. To better understand these candidates and their aspirations for the library, they were asked their own personal reasons for utilizing the library. Responses were various to include matters like researching, enjoyment, a place to bring children, internet accessibility, to save money, to utilize a silent environment, the abundance of informational resources, and for the programs any given library often offers. The fundamental purpose for any library will naturally be maintaining and offering informational resources. This correlates with the need to research and the quiet setting to achieve such a goal. Internet accessibility can also be paralleled with informational resources as the internet is perhaps the most modern and rising form of informational media. In fact, many libraries use the World Wide Web as a basis for cataloging the entire inventory of literature they may preserve. Accessibility to the internet in conjunction with the entire stock of literature allows people to save m oney on internet bills and book prices. Without this free access to media and literature, the general public would lack an overall ability to be successful, free-thinking citizens. And of course, there are the children to take into consideration, a population with the highest need of informational as well as imaginative enlightenment. Though schools are the primary establishment ordained to teach children, it is the library that allows for independent study in any field a pupil may deem fascinating. Without the library, the supportive ammunition essential to education would be seriously hindered. In essence, libraries are the pillars of the American educational system and still they remain the preserving force of all human knowledge. The question that comes to bear is how to reinforce these pillars: how can the library improve This question was bestowed to both groups and again a variety of responses were given. The primary concern of group one can be summarized as a need for a more

Project Design & Implementationect Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Design & Implementationect - Assignment Example The field is then converted back to the electric power that then utilized. There are two categories of the power techniques (Tesla and Childress, 2010). These power techniques include radiative and non-radiative. The non-radiative techniques apply the mechanism where the power is transmitted or transferred over very short distances through the magnetic fields by use of inductive coupling techniques between the wire coils. The application of this technology is applied in chargers of toothbrush, smart cards, RFID tags, and the chargers of the medical devices that are implanted such as the cardiac peacemakers and the inductive charging and powering of vehicles. The primary focus is come up with a wireless system that can recharge the handheld gadgets and mobile devices like digital music players, cell phones, and portable computers, which are tethered, to a plug on the wall. The radiative technique is also referred to as the power beaming where the power is transferred by the mechanism of the beams of radiation of the electromagnetic. This aspect applies to the microwaves and laser beams. The technique can transmit energy to longer distances as compared to the non-radiative technique. The energy should always be aimed at the receiver. The applications that are proposed for this technique are in the use of solar power satellites and can be utilized in the drone aircraft that are wireless powered. A crucial issue that is associated with the wireless systems of the power is the limiting the peoples exposure and the living things that might come into the path of the radiation. The radiation contains potentially harmful effects. Many engineers and designers have faced significant challenges that have involved the power. Some of the challenges are the continuity of the power supply, optimizing the sensor locations, battery recharging

Bridget Jones Diary Analysis

Bridget Jones Diary Analysis Bridget Jones is a single woman who tries to find herself a nice man, because she doesnt want to stay single for the rest of her life. Write a summary in your own words of about 400-600 words. The story is about Bridget Jones. The book describes a year of the live of Bridget Jones. Bridget is a woman around her thirties without a husband. Many times she has tried to loose weight and to quit smoking, but she never succeeds. She is still single but she tries to change that. Bridget is a quite common woman, only maybe a little bit clumsier. When Bridget and her parents go to a new years buffet from friends of her parents she meets Mark Darcey. Their parents introduced them but they dont like each other. One day her boss sends her a flirting email and they and up in bed with each other. Bridget is convinced that he is the one she is going to spend the rest of her life with. Meanwhile Bridgets mother has left her father and has a new boyfriend. And she has less contact with her boss. At another party she meets Mark again but they still dont like each other. Love Bridget is a woman around her thirties and she doesnt have a husband. Bridget works at a publishing house. She is afraid that shell stay single the rest of her life. She is a little bit overweight and obsessed about her weight, and she smokes a lot. Sometimes she does strange and embarrassing things. Describe two minor characters. Daniel Cleaver is Bridgets boss. Bridget has a little crush on him. He is a very charming man. Mark Darcey is a lawyer, his parents are rich people. Their mothers introduced them to each other, they want them to be a couple. At first she thinks hes just a dull bloke. But after a while she starts to like him. Describe the place(s) where the story is set in detail. When does the story take place? (How do you know? What is the length of time of the story? Is the story told chronologically? Does the author use flashbacks? Explain in detail!) The length of time of the story is one year. There arent any flashbacks in the in the book, so the story is told in chronological order The person who tells the story is Bridget because its her diary you are reading. The book is told from the point of view of Bridget. Its written in the I-perspective. The title of the book is: Bridget Jones diary. That is because youre reading her diary. You read everything she wrights down. Is the book just meant as a story or is the author trying to bring across a message? If so: why? If not: why not? Leesbeleving en evaluatie What is your opinion about the book? I really liked the book because it is really realistic. Bridget is really funny because she gets herself in really idiotic situations. The whole book is really funny to read, sometimes it even made me laugh out load. Would you recommend the book to your classmates? I would recommend the book, but its more a book for the girls. Because the can picture themselves as her. And its a funny book to read. I dont really think boys would like this book. Which part did you like best or was most important in the development of the story? Quote (citeer) a passage or sentence from the book which you found most impressive or touching. Saturday, April 25 9st 1oz (excellent); alcohol units: 4; cigarettes: 24 (entirely understandable). 8am: Gaah! Gaaaah! Doorbell!. 8.05am: Was Magdas builder, Gary. Forgot he was coming round to put shelves up. Ah! Super! Hello! Could you come back in 10 minutes. Im just in the middle of something, I trilled, then doubled up, cringing in nighty. What would I be in the middle of? Sex? Making a vase on a potters wheel which absolutely couldnt be left in case it dried funny? Still had wet hair when doorbell rang again. Felt surge of middle-class guilt as Gary smirked at decadence of those who loll idly in bed while a whole different world of genuine hardworking folk have been up for so long is practically time for their lunch. Would you care for some tea or coffee? I said graciously. Yeah. Cup of tea. Four sugars, but dont stir it. I looked at him for a moment, wondering if this was a joke or a bit like smoking cigarettes but not inhaling. Right, I said, right, and started making the tea, at which Gary sat down at kitchen table and lit up a fag.

The Last Spin by Evan Hunter

The Last Spin by Evan Hunter Short Story Analysis How does the author position the reader towards the major theme using the narrative elements? Gangs affect everyone lives especially the people in the gang because other members make you do things that you don’t want to do or that is dangerous towards you or yourself. ‘The Last Spin’ by Evan Hunter is a short story about two boys from opposite gangs that were forced to settle an argument over territory. They did this by playing an extremely dangerous game (Russian roulette).What they didn’t expect though was that they would become closer by having conversations in between shots and finding things that they have in common. They don’t realise this for long however because there was a sudden end to one of their lives. I’ll be analysing how the reader is position by using the narrative elements. The setting for this short story is in the early 1960’s when gangs were common in America. Gangs were usually identified by the colour of their jackets (Dave wore a blue and gold jacket, and Tigo wore a green and orange one) and each had their own territory which the other was not allowed to cross into.When one gang would venture into another gangs territory the night before it would be decided how one member from each gang would settle the score. The author has placed Dave and Tigo in an enclosed basement to play the game; this creates a powerful and intense environment for the reader. The boys also try not to show any sign of fear because if they do it would make them feel incapable and powerless in the game. â€Å"’We going to sit and talk all night, or we going to get this thing rolling’ Dave asked†This quote shows that Dave is showing no sign of dread to Tigo, so that he looks and feels aggressive. The last spin gave descriptions of the two main and only characters in the story, which were Dave and Tigo. Tigo has large brown eyes and thick black hair. He also wears his gang’s jacket which is a green silk jacket with an orange stripe down each of the sleeves. Dave is a nervous, paled faced boy with dirty lips. His gang’s jacket is blue and gold. The author has described the jackets because it emphasizes that they are enemies. The jacket told Dave that Tigo was his enemy. The jacket Shrieked ‘Enemy, Enemy! ’ This quote shows how Dave knew Tigo was an enemy because of the colour of his jacket. This story keeps the reader in suspense as they don’t know when the gun will go off. They should also feel horrified at how the gangs in America used to settle arguments and that the boys kept adding bullets into the gun, putting their life at risk just so that they wouldn’t let the other gang members down. â€Å"He broke open the gun again, and slipped the second cartridge into the cylinder. Now we got two cartridges in here,’ he said† This quote reinforces how the gangs brainwash people to think that they have to take these kinds of risks just so they can be popular. The length of this sentence is used so that the reader can fear for the boys because they know the dangers of this game. The main theme in the short story ‘The Last Spin’ by Evan Hunter is gang culture. The gangs in the story make the careless decision of putting one of their fellow member’s lives at danger.The boys didn’t seem to care that they were going to play this game at first, then as the game went on they realised what a bad mistake it was so they make a deal. They would have one last spin before they end this terrible game. Unfortunately this last spin was the one that ended Dave’s life. â€Å"The explosion rocked the small basement room, ripping away half of Dave’s head, shattering his face. A sharp cry escaped Tigo’s throat, and a look of incredulous shock knifed his eyes.He then put his head on the table and began weeping. † This quote shows us that the intense atmosphere in the basement and the hope that the gun would click one last time made the sound of the shot become so real and the outcome unbearable for Tigo. It was also very powerful emotionally when you picture how Tigo reacted to realising he had just lost a friend. Tigo was devastated and knew that all of the plans that they had promised they would do together after the game, he would never be able to do with Dave.

Effective People, Communication and Information Essay

Legoland is a group of Lego themed adventure parks that offer an assortment of Lego themed attraction, mainly targeted at young children and families. Legoland is based in many different places in the world. At the moment there are four main Legoland parks. Legoland Billund in Denmark, Legoland Deutschland in Germany, Legoland Windsor in England and Legoland California in America. They also employ for a number of jobs including, catering, admissions, rides and attractions, security, finance, nursing etc. These jobs are normally seasonal as Legoland is only open in the summer and some holidays. This job can be part time or full time during the working season. In this section of the assignment I will describe Legoland’s rigorous recruitment process. They start the process in December during which time they send out invitations to previous staff and to local advertising to attract attention. They send invites to previous staff as they may want to work again and the company can save money on training new staff. While advertising is going on, all applications are shortlisted to the few that employers think have more potential. In January and early February, the successful candidates are then called for interviews. In Mid-February and March staff training starts so new employees are taught how to use the equipment properly and get to know the safety rules. Training is done during this time of year so staff are fully trained before Legoland opens to families. From april to august the recruitment is ongoing with staff turnover. This is because when some staff start, they may not like the job and decide to leave so Legoland need to be prepared to replace those that leave. Legoland also try to attend as many careers fairs as possible where feasible. This depends on staff availability. When Legoland staff arrive at these fairs, they set-up recruitment stands and models. They also provide job descriptions, applications and employment advice that relates to qualifications and experience that specific departments look at. Legoland attracts potential employees in many different ways: * Website to attract national and international employees. * Local newspaper to attract local audiences. * Careers Fairs held in schools and colleges to attract younger members. * Job centres. * Word of mouth. This section of the assignment is mainly about how Legoland attract potential employees. In order to find the right people they have to support their brand image to find a quality employee. The selection techniques are very strict as managers have to be very professional in choosing the right employees. Their advertising is focused and emphasises their culture and personal qualities. Their relationships with local employment bodies and educational establishments are very close so as to give everyone a chance to work there. You can apply by undergoing a screening interview on the phone or in person. This is good as Legoland employers can see aswell as get to know possible future employees. You can also apply online for any available jobs. By doing this and having overseas agents and employment organisations Legoland have internationalism. Legoland try to ensure that staff turnover is kept as low as possible by doing many different things. They try to get as many past workers as possible to save money on training which keeps the turnover low as less money is spent and less people are expected to leave as they have previously worked there. Appraisals are held to keep track of employee’s targets and the way they are working. Departments can get certain goals and targets to help achieve certain things. Legoland staff are given rewards and awards to help keep up their good work so there is less chance of them leaving the job as they may enjoy it more and decide to stay on further. Legoland look closely at NVQ’s and cross-reference them with other assessment schemes

Biography of Johannes Kepler, Pioneering Astronomer

Biography of Johannes Kepler, Pioneering Astronomer Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571–November 15, 1630) was a pioneering German astronomer, inventor, astrologer, and mathematician who is best known for the three laws of planetary motion now named for him. In addition, his experiments in the field of optics were instrumental in revolutionizing eyeglass and other lens-related technologies. Thanks to his innovative discoveries combined with his original and accurate methodology for recording and analyzing his own data as well as that of his contemporaries, Kepler is considered one of the most significant contributing minds of the 17th-century scientific revolution. Johannes Kepler Known For: Kepler was an inventor, astronomer, and mathematician who served as a central figure in the 17th-century scientific revolution.Born: December 27, 1571 in Weil, Swabia, Germany  Parents: Heinrich and Katharina Guldenmann KeplerDied: November 15, 1630 in Regensburg, Bavaria, GermanyEducation: Tà ¼binger Stift, Eberhard Karls University of Tà ¼bingenPublished Works:  Mysterium Cosmographicum (The Sacred Mystery of the Cosmos), Astronomiae Pars Optica  (The Optical Part of Astronomy), Astronomia Nova  (New Astronomy), Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo  (Conversation with the Starry Messenger) Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae  (Epitome of Copernican Astronomy), Harmonices Mundi (Harmony of the Worlds)Spouse(s): Barbara Mà ¼eller, Susan ReuttingerChildren: 11Notable Quote: â€Å"I much prefer the sharpest criticism of a single intelligent man to the thoughtless approval of the masses.† Early Life, Education, and Influences Johannes Kepler was born on December 27, 1571, in Weil der Stadt, Wà ¼rttemburg, in the Holy Roman Empire. His family, once prominent, was relatively poor by the time he was born. Keplers paternal grandfather Sebald Kepler, a respected craftsman, had served as mayor of the city. His maternal grandfather, innkeeper Melchior Guldenmann, was mayor of the nearby village Eltingen. Keplers mother Katharina was an herbalist who helped run the family hostelry. His father Heinrich served as a mercenary soldier. Keplers gift for mathematics and interest in the stars became evident at an early age. He was a sickly child, and while he survived a bout of smallpox, he was left with weak vision and damage to his hands. His poor eyesight did not hinder his studies, however. In 1576, Kepler began attending the Latin school in Leonberg. He witnessed both the passing of The Great Comet of 1577 and a lunar eclipse in the same year, which were thought to have been inspirational in his later studies. In 1584, he enrolled at the Protestant seminary at Adelberg, with the goal of becoming a minister. In 1589, after obtaining a scholarship, he matriculated to the Protestant University of Tà ¼bingen. In addition to his theological studies, Kepler read widely. While at university, he learned of the astronomer Copernicus and became a devotee of his system. Career, Religion, and Marriage After graduation, Kepler obtained a position teaching mathematics in Graz, Austria, at the Protestant seminary. He was also appointed district mathematician and calendar maker. It was in Graz that he penned his defense of the Copernican system Mysterium Cosmographicum in 1597. Kepler married a wealthy 23-year-old twice-widowed heiress named Barbara Mà ¼eller that same year. Kepler and his wife began their family but their first two children died in infancy. As a Lutheran, Kepler followed the Augsburg Confession. However, he did not accept the presence of Jesus Christ in the sacrament of Holy Communion and refused to sign the Formula of Accord. As a result, Kepler was exiled from the Lutheran Church (his subsequent refusal to convert to Catholicism left him at odds with both sides when the Thirty Years War broke out in 1618) and was obliged to leave Graz. In 1600, Kepler moved to Prague, where he had been hired by Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe- who held the title of Imperial Mathematician to Emperor Rudolph II. Brahe tasked Kepler with analyzing planetary observations and writing arguments to refute Brahes rivals. Analysis of Brahes data showed that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse rather than the perfect circle that was always held to be ideal. When Brahe died in 1601, Kepler took over Brahes title and position. In 1602, Keplers daughter Susanna was born, followed by sons Friedrich in 1604 and Ludwig in 1607. In 1609, Kepler published Astronomia Nova, which contained the two laws of planetary motion that now bear his name. The book also detailed the scientific methodology and thought processes hed used to arrive at his conclusions. It is the first published account wherein a scientist documents how he has coped with the multitude of imperfect data to forge a theory of surpassing accuracy, he wrote. Mid-Career, Remarriage, and War When Emperor Rudolph abdicated to his brother Matthias in 1611, Keplers position became increasingly precarious due to his religious and political beliefs. Keplers wife Barbara came down with Hungarian spotted fever that same year. Both Barbara and Keplers son Friedrich (whod contracted smallpox) succumbed to their illnesses in 1612. After their deaths, Kepler accepted a position as district mathematician for the city of Linz (a post he retained until 1626) and was remarried in 1613 to Susan Reuttinger. His second marriage was reported to be happier than his first, although three of the couples six children died in childhood. At the opening of the Thirty Years War in 1618, Kepler’s tenure in Linz was further imperiled. As a court official, he was exempt from the decree banishing Protestants from the district but he did not escape persecution. In 1619, Kepler published Harmonices Mundi in which he laid out his third law. In 1620, Keplers mother was accused of witchcraft and put on trial. Kepler was obliged to return to Wà ¼rttemburg to defend her against the charges. The following year saw the publication of his seven-volume Epitome Astronomiae in 1621, an influential work that discussed heliocentric astronomy in a systematic way. During this time, he also completed the Tabulae Rudolphinae (Rudolphine Tables) begun by Brahe, adding his own innovations that included calculations arrived at by the use of logarithms. Unfortunately, when a peasant rebellion erupted in Linz, a fire destroyed much of the original printed edition. Later Years and Death As the war dragged on, Keplers house was requisitioned as a garrison for soldiers. He and his family departed Linz in 1626. By the time the  Tabulae Rudolphinae  was eventually published in Ulm in 1627, Kepler was unemployed and was owed a great deal of unpaid salary from his years as Imperial Mathematician. After efforts to obtain numerous court appointments failed, Kepler returned to Prague in an attempt to recoup some of his financial losses from the royal treasury. Kepler died in Regensburg, Bavaria, in 1630. His gravesite was lost when the churchyard in which he was buried was destroyed at some time during the Thirty Years War. Legacy More than an astronomer, Johannes Keplers legacy spans a number of fields and encompasses an impressive number of scientific firsts. Keplar both discovered the universal laws of planetary motion and explained them correctly. He was the first to correctly explain how the moon creates the tide (which Galileo disputed) and the first to suggest that the Sun rotates around its axis. In addition, he calculated the now commonly accepted birth year for Jesus Christ and coined the word satellite. Keplers book Astronomia Pars Optica is the foundation of the science of modern optics. Not only was he the first to define vision as a process of refraction within the eye, as well as explain the process depth perception, he was also first to explain the principles of the  telescope and describe the properties of total internal reflection. His revolutionary designs for eyeglasses- for both nearsightedness and farsightedness- literally changed the way in which people with vision impairments see the world. Sources â€Å"Johannes Kepler: His Life, His Laws and Times. NASA.Casper, Max.  Kepler. Collier Books, 1959. Reprint, Dover Publications, 1993.Voelkel, James R.  Johannes Kepler and the New Astronomy. Oxford University Press, 1999.Kepler, Johannes, and William Halsted Donahue.  Johannes Kepler: New Astronomy. Cambridge University Press, 1992.