Reflection Of A Discourse Community - 1587 Words

Growing up I didn’t socialize with people so it was hard for me to join a discourse community. But we I was around the age of fifteen I joined the basketball team, and ever since then it became my discourse community. In this paper, I’m going to explain how the team was a discourse community to me. And what roles we did to become a discourse community. Many people say basketball is all about winning games. But its more than that, I’ve learned many concepts in the game of basketball I’m going demonstrate what made my basketball team a discourse community. Definition What is a discourse community? What do John Swales mean by a discourse community? And what are the six steps in a discourse community? â€Å"A discourse community is a group of people that’s trying to reach their goals, and everyone has different functions. These public goals may be formally described as concepts that play a part in a discourse community† (Swales220). Discourse community have six steps. And these steps are â€Å"goals or purpose the group want†, â€Å"has mechanism of intercommunication among its members†, â€Å"uses it participatory mechanisms to provide information and feedback,† â€Å"utilizes and hence possesses one or more genres in the communicative furtherance of its aims,† â€Å"acquired some specific lexis†. â€Å"level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise† (220-222). By having these six steps it provides all of the concepts in a discourse community. These six s teps are like theShow MoreRelatedReflection Of A Discourse Community1591 Words   |  7 Pagesknows that his or her achievement depends on a community of persons working together.† We do not often realize how important it is for everybody to work together to achieve a goal. A community is a group of individual people gathered together to form a whole, like a school, local church, government entity, non-profit organization, sport team, etc. This whole can make reference to a discourse community. According to John Swales, discourse communities are unions where individuals have a common purposeRead MoreA Reflection On A Discourse Community999 Words   |  4 PagesA  discourse community  is a group of people who share a set of discourses, understood as basic values and assumptions, and ways of communicating about those goals. John Swales  defines a discourse community  as groups that have goals or purposes, and use communication to achieve these goals. The community I choose to identify with is special education. Special education teachers, or aids, really dedicate themselves and their time to others who need special assistance or treatment. The California DepartmentRead MoreReflection Of A Discourse Community2004 Words   |  9 Pagesdefines a discourse community as an exclusive group of people brought together by a common goal. According to John Swales (1990), every discourse community has six characteristics that makes them a discourse community. Overall the group must have a shared goal, in which they communicate with each other through different genres and lexis they have developed; genres are different types of communication that the group employ and lexis is the specialized language utilized by that particular discourse communityRead MoreReflection Of My Discourse Community1683 Words   |  7 Pagesusing sound foreign. That is what is so interesting about discourse communities. Everyone is a part of a discourse community whether it is your family, religion, or activities you partake in. The discourse community that I am apart of is my pledge class in the Sigma Phi Epsilon chapter here at Southeast. We all met at the beginning of the school year yet we are already so close we call each other brothers. I observed my discourse community on two different occasions. The first time I observed themRead MoreThe Reflection Of A Motorcycle Riders Group As An Discourse Community1688 Words   |  7 Pages we focused on discourse communities: which in fact are a group of people who share same values, beliefs, ideas, interest using same language and method of communication to achieve a certain goal. The people in discourse communities requires the certain level of knowledge and expertise in the field and becomes part of the discourse community by understanding and using logos, ethos, and pathos to discuss, explain and argue their own interest and knowledge within their own community using the own methodRead MoreThe Mysteries Of Molecular Medicine And Genetics916 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the Research Problem have helped me towards achieving course learning outcome number 3:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Use a flexible writing process and varied technologies to produce texts that address the expectations of the student’s disciplinary or professional discourse community in terms of claims, evidence, organization, format, style, rhetorical situation, strategies, and effects by drawing on an explicit understanding of the genre(s) being composed.†Ã‚  This learning outcome is focused towards writing, and my ORP bestRead MoreTransferring Knowledge907 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscursive practices, metacognition, critical reflection, and strategies to transfer knowledge that has been gained to other events in our lives. Learning about the structures of discourses and how writing is constructed specifically to the context by which the writing is produced in is a very valuable skill which can be transferred to many other situations I may face in my future. The process by which writing is begun, knowing how discourse communities function, and understanding the metacognitiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Anne Beaufort s Words, A Better, Product1599 Words   |  7 Pagesill-prepared writers, incompet ent and limited to one discourse community. i.e. bad â€Å"products.† However, English 3010 is a course for upper-level students, and the emphasis is on conducting research by drawing from the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and professions in preparation for Writing Intensive courses in the majors and beyond. In relation to the course learning outcomes, the works I have done have been majorly about Discourse, discourse communities, genres, writing expertise, research questionsRead MoreThe Examination Of Human History Displays The Connection Of Learning And Technology764 Words   |  4 Pagesthis learning paradigm: ï‚ § Learners’ use of previous intelligence to obtain new intelligence. ï‚ § Learners recognize the difference between their previous and new intelligence. ï‚ § Learners apply their new intelligence and obtain feedback. ï‚ § Learners’ reflection on information learned to ensure this intelligence is fully integrated into memory. ï‚ § The Constructivist theory’s implications for distance education learning are vast and can be met by many of today’s technologies. Ally (2008) suggests the following:Read MoreThe Discourse Of A Discourse Community1224 Words   |  5 PagesA discourse community is defined as a group of people involved in and communicating about a particular topic, issue, or in a particular field. We all belong to multiple discourse communities.To earn a position of a discourse community one must possess accurate knowledge, establish reliability of members to be accepted and learn to persuade other members of the community. The discourse community that I identify with personally and the profession I plan to pursue is the world of film production. However

The Quiet American Essay - 743 Words

The Quiet American The film The Quiet American takes place during the 1950’s in Vietnam. The movie illustrates the atmosphere of Vietnam previous to the Vietnam War and during the French occupation of the country. The main plot of the movie revolves around three characters: Fowler played by Michael Caine, Pyle played by Brendan Fraiser, and Phoung played by Do Thi Hai Yen. For the duration of the movie the three main characters are involved in a semi love triangle. This triangle and the emotions that the male characters feel towards Phoung begin to characterize the way they feel about the country of Vietnam itself. Vietnam becomes feminized, taboo, and sexualized just as Phoung does in Pyle and Fowler’s eyes. The manner in†¦show more content†¦Pyle doesn’t love Vietnam so much as he hates communism, in the same way he doesn’t love Phoung so much as he does not want Fowler to have her. Fowler on the other hand walks a thin line between noninvolvement and participatio n within the situations at hand. Fowler believes that Vietnam should be left to make its own decisions, but at the same time he is afraid of the consequences of such choices. This policy of noninvolvement and noncommittal is the same way that he approaches all the situations within his life. Fowler does not want to become concerned with the circumstances occurring in Vietnam and he also does not wholeheartedly become involved in the situation between Pyle and Phoung until he is forced to do so. He essentially permits Phoung to decide whom she wants to be with until he is compelled to leave his state of neutrality when it does not seem as if he will become the winner of her heart. Yet again Fowler’s feelings towards Phoung embody his feelings towards Vietnam. Fowler wanted to give Phoung a chance to make her own decisions until he becomes petrified that she will choose the stability of Pyle rather than himself. In a similar way, Fowler believed that Vietnam should be able to c hoose what would occur in its own future but he was afraid at the same time that they would make the wrong decision and elect a communist leader. Although Phoung’s embodiment of Vietnam is the majorShow MoreRelatedThe Quiet American by Graham Greene1629 Words   |  7 PagesGraham Greenes novel, The Quiet American, is more than a political statement about whether or not America or any other country for that matter should become involved in the affairs of another country; Greene makes the question human and personal. The novel can be read as a political and moral reflection on the opening stages of the United States’ involvement in Southeast Asia. Therefore, Greene’s novel becomes a commentary on the pointlessness of the United States’ later investment of men and materialRead MoreThe Quiet American By Graham Greene1272 Words   |  6 Pages The Quiet American was a book originally written in 1955 by Graham Greene, inspired by the first French Indochina w ar in Vietnam placed during 1951 - 1954. The author adds a love triangle in the mist of war’s chaos to deepen the reader’s interest. His decision to create a fictional love story during a turbulent time in our history proved to be successful, even though, Greene insists, This is a story and not a piece of history. Bushnell reflects Greene’s comment adding, Unfortunately, The QuietRead MoreThe Quiet American, By Graham Greene1430 Words   |  6 Pagesbiased to their innocence, which often causes more harm than good. In The Quiet American, by Graham Greene, Alden Pyle is an innocent, and therefore problematic, character. The novel is set in 1950s Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Pyle is representative of the American forces in the war as his primary goal is to stop communism, and he surmises that he knows the best way to do it. Because of this, he is an example of American exceptionalism, believing that he is most apt to solve the crisis in VietnamRead MoreEssay on The Quiet American by Graham Greene1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Quiet American is written by Graham Greene. This novel is about the conflict between Alden Pyle and Thomas Fowler. The novel’s events have already taken place and Fowler is the narrator of the story. Thomas Fowler, a man in his fifties, is a British journalist who has been covering the events taking place in the French War in Vietnam for over two years. He chooses to remain neutral between the sides of the battles he covers. He meets Alden Pyle, a young American who is well educated and secretlyRead MoreThe Quiet American - Taking Sides Is Human789 Words   |  4 PagesThe Quiet American, by Graham Greene, implements a number of techniques to persuade the reader to believe that taking sides is human. This is done mainly through character development, events, narrative and setting. Using these techniques, Graham Greene is able to successfully create invited readings which support his views. Important to this process, character development is the center of this novel, and a powerful force behind the beliefs and invited readings presented by the text. Using charactersRead MoreThe Theme of Guilt: Enduring Love, Quiet American2059 Words   |  9 PagesThe theme of guilt: Enduring Love, Quiet American Before starting my essay, I would like to share an extract from an article which is related my topic. I think it is better to start scientific definition of my main argument Guilt as a moral concept. In this article, shame and guilt are being discussed and I am going to connect with the characters of the books I am going to write about them. â€Å"Analyses of personal shame and guilt experiences providedRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness And The Quiet American1581 Words   |  7 PagesHeart of Darkness and The Quiet American, the treatment of women and victims of imperialism are almost indistinguishable. Joseph Conrad and Graham Greene were both aware of the constraints women in the 19th and 20th century faced for simply being rational and intelligent. Women were objectified and a straightjacket of propriety, during a time of greed and corruption. Although both works contain moments of this reoccurring suppression, Heart of Darkness and The Quiet American do recognize the power womenRead MoreEssay on The Quiet American1280 Words   |  6 PagesThe Quiet American How long can you sit on the fence and not get involved? How long before youre forced to choose sides? Thomas Fowler learns the answers to this dilemma the hard way. Fowler at the onset of our story, describes himself as being an objective observer, purposely not taking sides, just telling over the facts. My fellow journalists called themselves correspondents; I preferred the title of reporter. I wrote what I saw, I took no action- even an opinion is a kind of action. (20)Read MoreThe Quiet American - Imaginative1970 Words   |  8 Pagesfoolish to realize that in the end, it was only USA gaining the benefits of my work. Here we are Mr. Allen, said the petty officer driving the Humvee. Thanks for the ride, I wont need the ride back today, I replied. No problem. Back to the American air base in Fallujah, the last time I had been asked to come here was back 3 weeks ago when the first attack upon the building I had originally stayed in had been bombed to ashes. As all the soldiers had told me, that event would be listed as anRead MoreConflicts Involve a Clash of Ideas, Interests and Expectations.808 Words   |  4 Pagescan be small scaled and result in political debates, or in contrast, they can result in colossal wars as we’ve seen in the past century. This is as true in literature as much as life. Graham Greene proves this notion in his allegoric novel The Quiet American, as he draws upon political ideologies and represents these through the characters in the novel. Greene places the characters within the context of Indochina War, and presents relationships of the characters symbolically to represent the circumstances

Global Effort of Improving Health Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Global Effort of Improving Health. Answer: Issue The World Health Organization (WHO) has published estimation that one-third of the global population has no access to the medicines they require. It has been found that improved access to the vital medicines would advance the global effort of improving health in the developing part of the world and for tackling key diseases like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria. It is one of the considerations of WHO that fair access to safe and inexpensive medicines is fundamental for the achievement of the best possible health standard by everyone. In this context, the issue of medicine supply in developing countries is a major concern (WHO | Access to Medicines, 2017). Background In the public sector of lower and middle income countries (LMIC), the average availability of generic medicines is just 38%, whereas, the private sector availability is higher, with an average of 64% (Leisinger, Garabedian Wagner, 2012). However, the medicines of private pharmacies are not affordable. In developing countries, medicines build a huge economic burden on the healthcare systems and households, owing to the consumption of 25-65% of the total private and public health expenditure and 60-90% of the health expenditure in households (Leisinger, Garabedian Wagner, 2012). Progressively more, demands are being put on the pharmaceutical industry for contributing towards the improvement of the access to medicines for the poor patients in the LMICs. Of the Millennium Development Goals, three of them are directly focusing on health issues reduction in child mortality, improvement in maternal health and combating malaria, HIV/AIDS and other diseases (Roffe, 2012). Current Status The WHO considers that in the developing countries, unacceptably low health outcomes are the result of the failure of health systems. The concern is that governments of most of the developing countries are spending majority of their resources on other sectors instead of health and education, and whatever little is applied are either wasted or misallocated due to politics or corruption. Despite international dedication and unprecedented donor support, efforts for improving access to medicines require a vast amount of improvement. In 2014 and 2015, the global drug spending increased by 9%, outpacing both the economic growth and overall health expenses (Moon, 2017). The highlight is that for long what the LMICs has been facing till date, the concern has reached the high income countries too. Inadequate innovation and unaffordable medicines have turned into global issues. Similar to climate change, they are in need of international cooperation and public policies. Key Considerations According to WHO (WHO | Access to non communicable diseases medicines, 2017) every year nearly 35 million people die because of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Approximately 80% of this happens in the LMICs, which could have been avoided if they were treated with essential medicines. Unfortunately, the situation is generally poor in majority of the LMICs in terms of access to these chronic disease medicines. Approximately a decade ago, the crisis in medicine access pushed the elevation of infectious diseases towards being a foreign policy issue and became the reason for the mobilization of billions in global health support (Bollyky, 2013). On the other hand, trade liberalization can have both a positive and negative influence on the access to medicines. It promotes transfer of goods and services, technologies and investments that can advance the access of medicines directly by expanding access. However, the benefits gets contested by displayed disparities in economic growth related to trade and investments, exacerbated income disparities within countries and increased fiscal and food insecurity. In place of public health protections, trade liberalization also acts as a crucial upstream deciding factor of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs are one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide today (Ebrahim et al., 2013). Trade liberalization is a driver of NCDs via two major pathways. The first is that it can facilitate the global diffusion of risky commodities that causes NCDs in the first place, like tobacco, alcohol and processed food across international borders. Transnational risk commodity corporati ons (TRCCs) manufacture, market and distribute these kinds of commodities on an international level and is considered as a key mechanism. Instead of helping with providing access to medicines for essential treatment, trade liberalization allows the TRCCs rapid movement of investments, production capacity, technologies, raw materials and final products across borders, driving consumption of risky commodities. Moreover, trade liberalization even supports the intellectual property rights of transnational pharmaceutical organizations and TRCCs. It potentially restrains the access to medicine and technologies that are used for the deterrence or cure of NCDs. The LMICs have the greatest need for NCD related essential medications (Baker, Kay Walls, 2014). The main reason behind the lack of access to medicines are multiple, however, the elevated prices are a huge barrier to required treatment. The World Trade Organization Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement provides 20 years of patent protection for pharmaceuticals and additionally counts in safeguarding options like compulsory licensing for making sure countries get the chance to override patents in cases where they become a barrier to the access of medications. The Millennium Development Goal No. 6 acknowledges the need to combat malaria, HIV/AIDS and other diseases, and goal 8E addresses the need for improving the accessibility of inexpensive medicines for the worlds poor. The access is not adequate in developing countries though (Hogerzeil et al., 2013). Majority of the Australians in some way have interacted with NCDs they either had it themselves or knew someone who has. This has taken place despite of the country taking great strides in the direction of facing and tackling these diseases. Smoking related diseases have been controlled with the help of advertising, heavy tobacco taxes and changing mindsets regarding passive smoking. Due to this control, improved medical treatments and dietary improvements, large numbers of deaths that could have happened due to heart disease and stroke was taken care of. Even though the health system in Australia is not perfect, it is still much better than a lot of other countries. Australia has public education programs too, that have made such a big difference. However, the attention still falls short in terms of funding, health policy and program implementation for effective prevention (Moodie, Tolhurst Martin, 2016). To further assist in better access to medicines, the Australian delegation can speak up regarding what they have learnt about in their fight against NCDs and the non-availability of medicines. There needs to be efforts to reduce the population in Asia and Pacific who because of NCD have lost their eyesight. These conditions have had a greater negative impact than many other conditions, both communicable and non-communicable. For better access of medicines, first there is a need of intervention by extremely qualified health practitioner to make sure proper use is done of the medicines. The state and territory government with the pharmaceutical industry must cooperate to take up responsibility of the regulatory arrangements of essential medicines. A cooperative action must continue to ensure efficient, modern registration and schedules that are consistent with the community interest and best practice principles (Department of Health | National Medicines Policy Document, 2014). Options WHOs Ex-Director General, Margaret Chan opined that essential medicines can act as interventions, and if they are used properly can even save millions of lives each year and trim down needless suffering. It is already proven that mortality and morbidity can be reduced with the help of good governance, smart resource spending in accordance with the real needs, and good health requires medicine. A moral imperative exists that equal distribution of resources for the improvement of medicinal access for the needy and vulnerable. Governments have the option of taking the step of facilitating noteworthy progress in the direction of development of medicinal access, even if there are budget restraints, such as abolishment of sales tax, import tariffs and duties on medicines. In some instances, capacity and efficacy in the public sector are low and adoption of strategies placing huge workload on public institutions might prove to be detrimental. It is the shared responsibility of the pharmaceu tical industry, international community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to improve the access to medicines. The international community can attempt coordination, concentrate on improving health systems over vertical programs and evaluating the different required and unnecessary effects of interventions. NGOs need to be given better opportunities so that they can contribute to the achievement of the global health goals. NGOs can campaign for increased and better-coordinated health care resources and promotion of sustainable health systems. It is the responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry to the provision of success to essential and affordable drugs in the LMICs (Leppo et al., 2013). Conclusion Proper actions and effective mechanisms to make sure the access to medicine is possible assist in the quality and proper use of those medicines. It is the responsibility of a Minister for Health to make sure misuse and misallocation of essential medicines does not happen. WHOs ultimate goal of providing access to everyone on this planet of medicines is the only way to avoid such life harming disease like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The current problem of access to medicines can be solved somewhat by reviewing the existing practices and incorporating the suggested steps. References Baker, P., Kay, A., Walls, H. (2014). Trade and investment liberalization and Asias noncommunicable disease epidemic: a synthesis of data and existing literature.Globalization and health,10(1), 66. Bollyky, T. J. (2013). Access to drugs for treatment of noncommunicable diseases.PLoS medicine,10(7), e1001485. Department of Health | National Medicines Policy Document. (2014).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/national-medicines-policy Ebrahim, S., Pearce, N., Smeeth, L., Casas, J. P., Jaffar, S., Piot, P. (2013). Tackling non-communicable diseases in low-and middle-income countries: is the evidence from high-income countries all we need?.PLoS medicine,10(1), e1001377. Hogerzeil, H. V., Liberman, J., Wirtz, V. J., Kishore, S. P., Selvaraj, S., Kiddell-Monroe, R., ... Lancet NCD Action Group. (2013). Promotion of access to essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: practical implications of the UN political declaration.The Lancet,381(9867), 680-689. Leisinger, K. M., Garabedian, L. F., Wagner, A. K. (2012). Improving access to medicines in low and middle income countries: corporate responsibilities in context.Southern med review,5(2), 3. Leppo, K., Ollila, E., Pena, S., Wismar, M., Cook, S. (2013).Health in all policies-seizing opportunities, implementing policies. Sosiaali-ja terveysministeri. Moodie, A. R., Tolhurst, P., Martin, J. E. (2016). Australias health: being accountable for prevention.Med J Aust,204(6), 223-225. Moon, S. (2017).Powerful Ideas for Global Access to Medicines NEJM.New England Journal of Medicine. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1613861#t=article Roffe, P. (2012).Negotiating health: Intellectual property and access to medicines. Earthscan. WHO | Access to Medicines. (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.who.int/publications/10-year-review/medicines/en/ WHO | Access to non communicable diseases medicines. (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/access_noncommunicable/en/

The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students

The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essayon Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations, short distances between cities, and large financial resources. In America there were different circumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, large stretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts of money. (Railroad 85) The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah (Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Alleghenies to reach their goal on Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries of the Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachian mountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connected to the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another one crossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, the pace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacific building from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento, California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war to help promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines running only as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few lines running North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeen hundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream shared by many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make by having an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to serve their needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts and hunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout the exploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created much excitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Until the war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalled by much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamored for it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have taken another twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it was a commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline of competition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileage of track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulated that the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border (Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aid the government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction of the transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided that two companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they came together (255). .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .postImageUrl , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:hover , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:visited , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:active { border:0!important; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:active , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Judicial Activism vs Judicial Restraint Essay First, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line and clearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of the railroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded (flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them came the track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000, for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The supplies needed to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry four hundred tons of . The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi Essay on The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi Essayon Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. ;Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations, short distances between cities, and large financial resources. In America there were different circumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, large stretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts of money. ; (;Railroad; 85) The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah (Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Alleghenies to reach their goal on Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries of the Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachian mountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connected to the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another one crossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, the pace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacific building from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento, California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war to help promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines running only as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few lines running North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeen hundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream shared by many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make by having an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to serve their needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts and hunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout the exploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created much excitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Until the war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalled by much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamored for it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have taken another twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it was a commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline of competition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileage of track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulated that the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border (Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aid the government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction of the transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided that two companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they came together (255). .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .postImageUrl , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:hover , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:visited , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:active { border:0!important; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:active , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tropical Africa: Food Production And The Inquiry M EssayFirst, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line and clearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of the railroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded (flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them came the track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000, for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The supplies needed to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry four hundred tons of rail and timber, ties, bridgings, fuel, and food, which all had to be . The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay onThe Transcontinental Railroad and Westward ExpansionThesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion inthe United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England,had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Railroads were born in England, a country with densepopulations, short distances between cities, and largefinancial resources. In America there were differentcircumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, largestretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts ofmoney. (Railroad 85)The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports ofBoston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah(Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Allegheniesto reach their goal on Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries ofthe Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachianmountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connectedto the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another onecrossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West ofthe Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanentrailroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, thepace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacificbuilding from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento,California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war tohelp promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10,1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines runningonly as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few linesrunning North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra NevadaMountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeenhundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream sharedby many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make byhaving an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to servetheir needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts andhunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout theexploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created muchexcitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Untilthe war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalledby much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamoredfor it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have takenanother twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it wasa commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline ofcompetition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinentalrailroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileageof track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulatedthat the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border(Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aidthe government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction ofthe transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided thattwo companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they cametogether (255). .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .postImageUrl , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:hover , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:visited , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:active { border:0!important; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:active , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ideologies EssayFirst, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line andclearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of therailroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded(flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them camethe track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000,for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The suppliesneeded to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry fourhundred tons of The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay on Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations, short distances between cities, and large financial resources. In America there were different circumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, large stretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts of money. (Railroad 85) The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah (Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Alleghenies to reach their goal on `Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries of the Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachian mountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connected to the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another one crossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, the pace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacific building from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento, California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war to help promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines running only as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few lines running North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeen hundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream shared by many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make by having an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to serve their needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts and hunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout the exploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created much excitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Until the war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalled by much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamored for it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have taken another twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it was a commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline of competition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileage of track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulated that the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border (Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aid the government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction of the transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided that two companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they came together (255). .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .postImageUrl , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:hover , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:visited , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:active { border:0!important; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:active , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellin Essay First, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line and clearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of the railroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded (flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them came the track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000, for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The supplies needed to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry four hundred tons of rail and timber, ties, bridgings, .