Hip-Hop Generation: Its Influence on Youth Culture Essay

Civil Rights- dejure and defacto equality; integration Headquarters – South, Northern Cities Examples – Martin Luther King, Jr. (N.A.A.C.P./Black Church) The Strategy in action Racial Justice – defacto equality; seperation to achieve equality or to create a black state, economy, or society Headquarters – Northern Cities, West, National Chapter (N.O.I./B.P.P.S.D.) Example 1: Honorable Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X (Malcolm Little) Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay), N.O.I. Example 2: Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale (B.P.P.S.D.) The strategy in action III. Stigmatization, class, and the Welfare State Excluded Agricultural and Domestic workers, many of whom were black or from other minority groups This creates two misconceptions in regards to welfare, and it may have also help institutionalize poverty in black and other minority groups By the id-1970s and early-1980s, stigmatization is fully institutionalized through Reaganomics Legitimized vs. de-legitimized Legitimized- are things that are defended by the state. State sanctioned, approved, taxed and legal activity De-legitimized –non-state sanctioned, non-approved, not taxed, or illegal activity. (Black or grey or underground market) 1) Politics, roots and synthesis locations associated with rap’s birth Political Topics, Ambitions, awareness, anger, etc. + Style of toasts over dub music, live, improvisational soul music, use of samples =Blending of the first two, equipment such as mixers, samplers, open location 2) Black Nationalism’s â€Å"Apex† and Destruction (West Oakland) Internal Colony- (the hood) the literal (or more commonly) figurative understanding of inner-city black, brown, and poor ghettoes as a separate political body, economic market, and social realm 3) The Dub and the Black Arts Movement (Kingston, Jamaica) â€Å"Dub† Music and Influence – late 1960s-early 1970s The Congos – Heart of the Congos 1/28/14 – Chapter on Malcolm X -Grandmaster Flash -Kool Keith – Literal disillusionment – when a leader begins to change their idea and becomes more radical with their ideas – Capitalism/imperialism – (imperialism- capitalism is happening on a global scale) (capitalism) Robin Kelley Demagogue – Predicted his own death 1) Robert Moses – architect that designed the South Bronx Hip-Hop Graffiti (Tagging) Breaking (Battle) DJing (Turntablism) Fashion/Style (affects hi and low income society) Rapping Rap- use of spoken word over sampled instrumentation; one of five elements of hip-hop culture Hyperghetto or neo-liberialism- The state has withdrawn benefits from people in low-society 3) Factors and Questions – The Politics of Abandonment? Political? Economic? W/drawl of jobs being sent to suburbs or nowhere at all Social? Needles given in parks, and the social damage it does Technological? – Connections to Roots/Dubs? – Gang Issues? 4) The Founding Fathers DJ Kool Herc- first DJ to loop records Afrika Bambaata (Zulu Nation)- ran w/ a gang called Black Spades who entered a contest and took a trip to Europe and came back and decided to recruit his members and started Zulu Nation.. Also a DJ Grandmaster Flash- Trained in engineering, and modifies the turntables Clock Theory – Artist used tape to show where to start song on disks 5) Key Subgenres Party Rap Gangsta Rap Socially Conscious Rap Politically Conscious Rap Alternative Rap Other genres, sub genres, etc. 1) Overall Contribution of the Scene; Key Observations 2) The setting, Factors, and Question 3)Major Players 4) Major Successors

Examining Henrik Ibsen’s Torvald and John Updike’s Sammy Essay

Some men seem to like their women simple. The man who desires the simple woman sees her as easier to manipulate and as a more positive reflection on himself. A man who has a simple woman can believe himself superior in almost all things; such is the case with John Updike’s character Sammy in the short story â€Å"A & P,† and Henrik Ibsen’s character Torvald Helmer from his play A Doll’s House. Each of these men views the world as merely an extension of himself, and the people in the world, especially the women, as decorative items purely for his personal manipulation and amusement. Ironically, by the end of both Updike’s short story and Ibsen’s play, the women have turned the men’s worlds on edge and taken control of the universe. Sammy is a checker at the local supermarket, and he spends his days watching his world go by while standing in judgment of those who enter his domain. The world that goes by Sammy is populated by a variety of customers—all seemingly women—who he describes as â€Å"witches,† â€Å"sheep,† and â€Å"this one[s]† (Updike 959, 960). That he feels superior to women—all women—is made obvious by the way in which he sizes them up. The three bathing-suit-clad girls who are about to change Sammy’s life are described in terms of their physical attributes and the degree to which Sammy is attracted to each. While he initially admires the girl â€Å"in the plaid green two-piece† who has a â€Å"good tan and [the] sweet broad soft-looking can with [. . . ] two crescents of white just under it,† he later realizes she and girl number two are merely preludes to the one he presumes to be their leader—the one he calls â€Å"the queen† (959, 960). Torvald Helmer is no different from Sammy; he too objectifies women—specifically his wife—and he lives happily presuming that females are simple and will always remain so. Ibsen’s play opens with Nora entering the home and Torvald’s greeting her shortly thereafter. During their brief exchange, Torvald uses the terms â€Å"little lark,† â€Å"little squirrel,† and â€Å"little spendthrift† in reference to his wife, only bothering to use her name when he is busily chastising her for her many errors in judgment—most of which he attributes to her inability to handle money (Ibsen). Sammy and Torvald are each comfortable with the subordinate role into which they place women; in fact, both characters seem completely unaware that they are objectifying and marginalizing the women around them—it is a matter of their natural make up. Additionally, both men express a clear understanding that women’s brains are a bit empty. Sammy wonders whether or not â€Å"it’s a mind in there or just a buzz like a bee in a glass jar†; Torvald is more direct, calling Nora a â€Å"little featherhead† (Updike 960, Ibsen). There is no doubt that both men are whole-heartedly mocking women as if doing so is part of the reason they exist—part of the world’s natural order. Neither character expects the carefully structured universes over which they each rule to be altered let alone collapse, but that is exactly what happens to both Sammy and Torvald. It never dawns on Sammy, as he is tucked safely behind his register, that the actual power dynamic is the antithesis of what he believes it to be: he is merely a servant to the customers who enter the store. In fact, he operates like a man who can alter the very natures of the customers he helps. The â€Å"bold† move Sammy makes at the end of the story isn’t an act of independence but an act made â€Å"hoping [the girls will] stop and watch [him], their unsuspected hero† (Updike 963). Likewise, Torvald long remains unaware of the debt he owes his wife—a debt physical and financial. Having spent his life smugly satisfied over his wife’s dependence on him and her general ignorance, he is thrilled to gain possession of the letter that contains the forged contract Krogstad held over Nora. In his mind, order will be restored; however, Nora confronts Torvald about her unhappiness and his constantly treating her like a â€Å"doll† (Ibsen). Just as the presence of the bathing-suit-clad women drove Sammy to quit his job in an act of pointless chivalry; Torvald’s actions—actions that were designed to cage his wife—led him to his mistaking â€Å"saving† her for his own good for â€Å"saving† her for her own. The carefully controlled and structured worlds of each has been undone—in both cases by the male character’s own unskilled hands. Sammy and Torvald meet their ends, but not before groveling, and grasping one last time for the control each has let slip away. Sammy’s struggle is relatively private. He exists the A & P â€Å"looking around for [the bathing-suit-clad] girls,† but all he sees are a woman and her â€Å"screaming† kids (Updike 964). There is no one to observe his recent, self-serving act of heroism, and he pathetically mollifies himself by thinking â€Å"how hard the world was going to be [thereafter]† (964). Torvald’s end is a bit more public—much as was his mocking of his wife. Declaring that â€Å"[he has] it in [him] to become a different man,† he is shocked to learn that Nora has long been a different woman, and has neither need nor desire for him to remain a part of her life; his attempt to placate himself is to hang on the words â€Å"the most wonderful thing of all? (Ibsen) It may be that some men wish their women simple, but it is in the simplest things that the greatest truths are most often revealed. The safety some men seek in the weakness of those with whom they surround themselves is often only a pit of quicksand. This was the case for both Sammy and Torvald Helmer. Where Sammy privately observes and judges women he does not know, Torvald is far more obnoxious: he diminishes his wife openly. Whether or not Sammy ages into a Torvald is anyone’s guess, but certainly the potential for it is present. As one man walks out of a grocery store and the other man tries to guess the answer to a riddle, the women have entered the world on their own, presumably to live happily, contentedly, and idependently ever-after. Works Cited Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll’s House. Ed. E. Haldeman-Julius. 1923. Project Gutenberg. 29 Mar. http://www.gutenberg.org/

Steve Jobs As Visionary Leader Of 21st Century Essay

Steve Jobs As Visionary Leader Of 21st Century - Essay Example He dropped out of college after one semester and attended lectures at Hewlett-Packard. As compared to other entrepreneurs, they would often try to get an MBA degree in the hope that this would be the key to having the great business. Even then, Jobs deviated from the traditional path because apparently, he is the pragmatic person. In fact, his main purpose then to in getting a job at Atari as a computer technician was to save money for a spiritual trip to India and returned with a shave head later( Andrews, 2009. ) Moreover, a potential entrepreneur would also try working in a company so as to accumulate work experience that can give him a background of the industry. Job’s concern was not anything like that at all. His first break came as a challenge when he was tasked ( along with Wozniak) to design a motherboard that had less computer chips. They did succeed and that was start of partnership between Wozniak and Jobs. Steve Jobs was very innovative that he did not even underwent usual business training for setting up an enterprise. According to business.gov, one of the steps an entrepreneur must accomplish in setting up a business is getting business assistance and training. This would mean having an assessment to check if one ready in setting up a business. . Apparently, Jobs missed this part since he was and always would be in good company with Wozniak. Most of the time they used intuition in launching a new product. This was not of course by chance but by hard work in the area of Research and Development. Job’s concepts were well ahead of his time and he surprised the market most of the time. Innovation was Steve Job’s legacy to the industry. Business Guru Peter Drucker himself is a supporter of innovation. In fact he asserted that the â€Å" entrepreneur always searches for change, responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity†

U.S. globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. globalization - Essay Example Globalization come with challenges and benefits that governments need to take into consideration. Challenges that are faced due to globalization are those that need to be addressed by civil society, the governments and other organizations that create the policies. One challenge that is much faced in globalization is the ensuring that the benefits that are obtained from globalization extend to all countries. This becomes a challenge as the happening will not be automatic and the implementation has been a problem. The second challenge that is faced in globalization is dealing with the fears that occur that the process leads to instability in a country. the instability is able to occur much in the developing countries. The developed countries are stable and they are not prone to instability through globalization than it is in developing countries. The third challenge that is experienced is to address the issue in the industry that increase in global competition will lead to inevitably t o the fall in wages, labor rights, practices due to employment and deterioration in environment standards. Another challenge that is experienced due to globalization is that the complicated problems are used as mere excuses in avoiding the search aimed at new ways to cooperate in the overall interest of a nation and the people that live in the nation. Organizations that are in the civil society traditionally had the focus of aid and transfer of resources.

Human Resource Management in the Context of Organizations and Their Essay

Human Resource Management in the Context of Organizations and Their Environments - Essay Example Human resources management is an organization sector which is crucial for the performance of a specific firm. In its area, there are several theories that have tried to examine the conditions and the terms on which a hr strategy should be applied. In this context, Jackson et al. found that HRM can be used as ‘an umbrella term that encompasses (a) specific human resource practices such as recruitment, selection, and appraisal; (b) formal human resource policies, which direct and partially constrain the development of specific practices; and (c) overarching human resource philosophies, which specify the values that inform an organization's policies and practices’. On the other hand, Ulrich notices that ‘HR professionals can apply innovative ways to develop current employees, including: new and stretch job assignments, membership on project teams, action learning in training experiences, leaders running training programs, 360[degrees] feedback, coaching, Web-based bes t practice and learning mechanisms, and Web-based skill building’. In order for the above hr strategies to succeed in their mission, the existence of continuous employee support would be necessary. For this reason Elsdon et al. stated that ‘a person-to-person career counseling should be offered to the extension that such an activity creates greater workforce flexibility by enabling employees to respond rapidly to a changing environment and customer needs’.

Government Fiscal Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Government Fiscal Policy - Essay Example One of the segments of the economy that benefited the most was the banking industry. The banks in the United States had been acting unethically giving out loans to people that did not quality in order to boost their profits. A lot of Americans lost their homes in the middle of this fiasco. The stimulus package helped save over 3.5 million jobs in America particularly jobs in the manufacturing and construction sector. The Big 3 Auto makers also received financial help from the federal government. The reduction in taxes helped put more money in to the hands of American citizens. Classical economy theory states that the economy is always capable of achieving natural level of real GPD or output (Cliffnotes, 2013). I do not think that classical economy theory would have applied to the economic issues the nation was facing. The United States needed governmental intervention back in 2007-2009 to recover from the recession it was facing. The impact of the economic stimulus package on the governmental budget was that it increased the national debt in the long run and in the short run it increased the yearly budget of the

2012 Movie Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

2012 Movie Critique - Essay Example The movie, that was released on November 13, 2009, has been produced by Harald Kloser, Mark Gordon and Larry Franco, and the executive producers include Roland Emmerich, Ute Emmerich, and Michael Wimer. Written by Roland Emmerich and Harald Kloser, and starring some of the very talented actors of the time, John Cusack, Thandie Newton, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Amanda Peet, Woody Harrelson and Danny Glover, 2012 takes us to an exotic ride where our minds give birth to many questions and enjoy the discovery of many answers at the same time. The synopsis section of Sony Pictures Digital Inc. (2010) states that, â€Å"Never before has a date in history been so significant to so many cultures, so many religions, scientists, and governments. ‘2012’ is an epic adventure about a global cataclysm that brings an end to the world and tells of the heroic struggle of the survivors.† This report tends to critically analyze different elements of the movie. The thesis statement is that t he Hollywood and the entire entertainment industry can expertly and creatively interpret science, history and archeology to produce an astounding artifact that can excite the whole population making them defer their skepticism for some time. Let’s explore the movie and its filmic elements to find out how much the movie collaborates with our thesis statement. Storyline Critically analyzing the storyline, it must be said that it is quite asinine. However, the disaster scenes are hilarious. The story begins with Dr. Adrian Helmsley, who belongs to an international geophysical team, examining the effect of radiation from exceptional solar storms on earth. During his investigation, he learns that the earth’s temperature is rising. He informs the President about the earth’s conditions and warns him that if he does not take proper measures to stop the anticipated damage, the whole mankind will be ruined with the disaster that is expected to come with the heating up of the earth. Jackson Curtis, a writer, comes up with the same information after he meets Charlie Frost on his camping trip to Yosemite. Charlie Frost is shown preaching that the world is heading towards its end as predicted by the Mayan calendar. World’s leaders from industrialized countries are shown building four massive arks with billions of Euros to save their wealthy families from the approaching disaster instead of thinking about common people. They have no idea how their arks will survive the doom if the catastrophe is the prophetic prediction. No sooner than later, strong volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and sun storms converting into tsunamis, surround the planet creating havoc all around the humankind. The movie ends showing the recession of the tsunamis merging all continents. The survivors include Adrian, Laura, Jackson and his family. Acting The cast of 2012 contains some of the best actors that have made the story look like real. The cast includes John Cusack as ' Jackson Curtis', Amanda Peet as 'Kate Curtis', Chiwetel Ejiofor as 'Adrian Helmsley', Oliver Platt as 'Carl Anheuser', Thandie Newton as 'Laura Wilson’, Danny Glover as 'President Thomas Wilson', Woody Harrelson as 'Charlie Frost', Tom McCarthy as 'Gordon Silberman', Liam James as 'Noah Curtis', Morgan Lily as 'Lilly Curtis', Zlatko Buric as 'Yuri Karpov', Johann Urb as 'Sasha', Chin Han as 'Tenzin', and Beatrice Rosen as 'Tamara'. Since, the movie focuses more on the disaster and the pulsating catastrophic scenes, the acting comes at a secondary position. While watching the movie, we actually do not care what the rate of acting is. We focus more on the

Strategic Management- Chiquita's Banana Business in Columbia Essay

Strategic Management- Chiquita's Banana Business in Columbia - Essay Example This is evident in the Chiquita group of companies, which is involved in banana trade within Columbia. Over the past six decades, Columbia’s political unrest makes it problematic to conduct business, despite its promise of growth. Paramilitary groups control various business organizations, in their efforts to dominate the nation’s political and economic platforms. These revolutionary groups achieve this through extorting money from multinational companies, such as Chiquita Brands International, and threats of death and property destruction to the repudiators. ChiquitaBrands International complies with this but faces legal challenges fro its home country, the US. This manuscript mulls over Chiquiata’s predicaments, and mitigation measures towards repositioning itself in the competitive industry within the politically unsafe nation. Factors compelling Chiquita into its Actions Chiquita Brands International has been extremely profitable within the conflict prone Col umbia. Sources indicate that the firm is the among the largest global traders in the banana industry. The company also benefitted the nation significantly, with the employment creation, tax payment and the general improvement of the inhabitants’ living standards.... However, the judiciary refuted this justification, claiming that the paramilitary group used such funds in the purchase of ammunition and other items that aided them in the accomplishment of illegal activities such as kidnappings, forceful extortions and murder of innocent victims who failed to comply to their rules. This also obliged the US judiciary department of employing personnel that looked into other such firms that conform to the terror groups’ demands. The legal suit found Chiquita firm guilty, and encountered various severe losses, including paying a fine of $25 millionand a probation of five years (Jennings, 2011, p. 656). Families of the victims of theAUC activities also filed suits against the firm, owing to its involvement in the funding of AUC. This has severe implications for the firm, since it tainted the image of the firm, thereby affecting its profitability. As such, the current management of Chiquita’s subsidiary group Banadexhavean enormous task, to improve its image, and reposition itself in the ever competitive industry. Though Chiquita’s management attempted unsuccessfully to rationalize their involvement in funding a terror gang, their act seems questionable (Gottschalk, 2010, p. 17). In my opinion, their claim to fund AUC, with the promise of security is ethically incorrect (Pohl, 2012, p. 68). They claim to protect their employees, without regarding the impacts their deeds have to other inhabitants of the nation (Hellriegel and John, 2008, p.31). As such, they ought to have sought protection from other legal organizations such as the authorized US security groups. They also display they self-centered behavior by

Limited Brands INC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

Limited Brands INC - Essay Example Limited Brands INC The report will commence with a brief preview of the company after which it will commence with the analysis of the company on various angles. First, the company will conduct an internal analysis of the company to establish how internal factors affect or shape up the company. Secondly, the report will focus on the external analysis that was carried out in order to establish how external factors influence the company and how the company has been forced to readjust or realign itself with the external factors. The third analysis of the company will focus on the financial aspect and in this regard, the report will analyze the company’s financial ratios. It is important to note that these analyses were aimed at establishing key problems that the business faces and hinder it from prospering further. Findings from the analyses carried out showed that the company faced four critical problems that include dealing with poor brands that makes the company less competitive in an industry revered for superior brands. The second problem that was established is lack of resources, which hinder it from competing competitively in the market. Third problem was inadequate technology within the company, which means that it is unable to decrease cost and operate more efficiently. The fourth problem that was established was that the company presently suffers from positioning within the market, which reduces its ability to compete competitively.

Criminal Law Problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal Law Problem question - Essay Example The relevant facts in the Kennedy case are substantially similar to the facts in the given problem. In Kennedy, as in the case of Edward, the defendant merely prepared a dose of heroin for the deceased. It was the deceased who self-administered the drug as in Lisa's case. In the Kennedy case, the court ruled that defendant Kennedy cannot be held criminally liable for manslaughter. Applying the Kennedy ruling, then Edward cannot likewise be held criminally liable for Lisa's death because Edward was not the one who injected the deceased with the drug. Under the same principle, Sarah cannot likewise be held criminally liable for Lisa's death as she was not the one who injected Lisa with the drug. Notably, Edward (unlike in Kennedy) was not also the one who gave the syringe to the deceased. If Kennedy (who was the one who gave the syringe to the deceased) is not criminally liable, then a fortiori Edward should not also be held criminally liable for Lisa's death since he was not even the one who gave the syringe to the deceased. In ruling for the defendant, the Kennedy court had occasion to discuss the elements of the crime of unlawful act manslaughter: (1) that the defendant committed an unlawful act; (2) that such unlawful act was a crime and (3) that the defendant's unlawful act was a significant cause of the death of the deceased. In the given problem, Edward admittedly committed an unlawful (and criminal) act by supplying the heroin to the deceased. The mere act of supplying heroin, however, could not have possibly caused Lisa's death since "the supply of drugs would itself have caused no harm unless the deceased had subsequently used the drugs in a form and quantity which was dangerous."2 Clearly, any unlawful act manslaughter charge cannot be based on the mere act of supplying the heroin. According to the Kennedy court, the heroin (as in the given problem) is described as "freely and voluntaril

Platos Socrates Essay Example for Free

Platos Socrates Essay In order for the concept of wisdom to carry any viable weight in the affairs of the world, it is necessary for said concept to acknowledge the link between wisdom as an abstract idea and wisdom as a guiding principle for pragmatic action. Although other thinkers within the list of writers and philosophers we have studies do promote the idea of wisdom as a pragmatically applied force; Henry David Thoreaus interpretation of wisdom and its applications in human life and in human society seems to me the most reasonable interpretation among those we have studied so far. Thoreaus basic idea of wisdom is relative easy to understand adn emerges, not from abstract philosophical discourse, but from the vantage point of everday life: Does Wisdom work in a tread-mill? or does she teach how to succeed by her example? Is there any such thing as wisdom not applied to life? (Thoreau 118) By asking these questions in connection to the idea of wisdom, Thoreau makes it obvious that he regards wisdom as a method of defining nd helping to instruct human behavior and not merely human thought. Interestingly enough, while Thoreaus definition of wisdom is steeped in the practical and the pragmatic, he admonishes his readers and listeners not to confuse materialism and wisdom, that is, not to mistake the pragmatic of earning a living with the pragmatics of wisdom: It is pertinent to ask if Plato got his living in a better way or more successfully than his contemporaries,or did he[ ] find it easier to live, because his aunt remembered him in her will? The ways in which most men get their living, that is, live, are mere makeshifts, and a shirking of the real business of life,chiefly because they do not know, but partly because they do not mean, any better, (Thoreau 118). The application of Thoreaus pragmatic vision of wisdom may elude some observers; however, Thoreau, himself, illustrates the application of his idea of wisdom by turning his sights to the gold rush fever which enveloped his contemporaries: Did God direct us so to get our living, digging where we never planted,and He would, perchance, reward us with lumps of gold? (Thoreau 119) where, obviously, Thoreaus hang up with gold-rushers is not their pursuit of earning a living, per se, but with the folly of their believing that gold can, in and of itself, replace the need for wisdom: I did not know that mankind was suffering for want of gold. I have seen a little of it. I know that it is very malleable, but not so malleable as wit. A grain of gold will gild a great surface, but not so much as a grain of wisdom,; where Thoreuas ironic contrast of gold and wisdom leaves little doubt, in the end, as to which he views as more crucial to humanity. (Thoreau 119) 2. Whose view of wisdom (Socrates, Thoreau, Huxley, Pieper, or Frankl) seems to be the least reasonable? Why? Although Platos Socratic writings on the nature and meaning of justice achieve and inner-harmony and function in logical consistency with the rest of his ideas regarding ethics, aesthetics, and civics, Socrates view of wisdom, as defined by Plato, strikes me as the least rational of the theories and ideas we have studied. Far be it for me or anyone else to accuse Plato of leaving holes in his theory of wisdom; that is not the issue so much as the circclar nature of Platos reasoning which leads me to feel that the concepts of wisdom which are described by Socrates offer very little in the way of practical application in life and seem more like abstract ideas meant to stimulate those who enjoy pondering theory, rather than to assist those who are truly seeking applicable means for wisdom in daily life. Primarily, it is Socrates insistence that wisdom exists beyond the human appreciation of it, which seems to cripple the overall argument on the nature of what comprises wisdom: Socrates considers there to be two general sorts of knowledge, one which makes its possessor wise and one which does not. Socrates, and others too, can confidently and quite correctly claim to have a number of instances of the latter sort; but no human being can rightly claim to have the former sort, since no human being has ever attained the wisdom Socrates himself disclaims having when he professes ignorance, (Brickhouse, and Smith 31). true enough, Socrates humility in professing himself to be without wisdom has puzzled observers adn scholars for quite some time; however, the admission that wisdom exists, apart from human understanding, nd must be pursued even to the point of admitting that it cannot be attained, leaves the entire issue of wisdom up in the air form a pragmatic point of view. Socrates may believe that human wisdom is of little or no value (23a6-7). What would be of great value, if only he had itnamely, real wisdomSocrates and all others lack. The greatest wisdom for human beings, as we have just seen, is the recognition that we are in truth worth nothing in respect to wisdom (Brickhouse, and Smith 33) and this type of vision is, of course, another variation on a religious or metaphysical concept: that of Divine Wisdom. For Socrates, wisdom is an abstract power deemed tor reside within the Divine consciousness but only sparingly in human consciousness. I would say that nay definition of wisdom which fails to forward a concrete, pragmatic application as pertains to human society and individual behavior is worthwhile only from a purely intellectual point of view. Works Cited Brickhouse, Thomas C. , and Nicholas D. Smith. Platos Socrates. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Harding, Walter, ed. Thoreau: A Century of Criticism. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press, 1954. Thoreau, Henry David. The Major Essays of Henry David Thoreau. Ed. Richard Dillman. Albany, NY: Whitston Publishing, 2001.

Igniting Flammable Liquids with Cigarettes

Igniting Flammable Liquids with Cigarettes Cigarettes seem like a probable ignition source for flammable liquids. Cigarettes have been blamed for the cause of many fires, far more than they should. But Cigarettes are more than tobacco wrapped in paper. They are in fact carefully engineered to burn in a certain way Cigarettes vary considerably from brand to brand in their burning characteristics. Modern cigarettes contain an engineered chemistry of additives to control the burning rates and moisture content of the tobacco and paper and anyone who has been a smoker knows the fact that manufactured Cigarettes go on burning when not being puffed. This spares smokers the trouble of lighting up again unlike with rolled up cigarettes and Cigars where the smoker has to keep smoking for the combustion of the tobacco to remain lit. This is good for the cigarette companies and pays off in higher sales from cigarettes. So yes this does mean that a cigarette rolling off onto a mattress or into the crack of a sofa can smoulder undetected f or 30 to 40 minutes before bursting into flames. Smouldering is a form of flameless combustion which can occur in materials capable of charring. Smouldering can occur at very low oxygen concentrations then proceeds at a very slow rate before flaming occurs. This makes people understand the real hazard of manufactured cigarettes. But that is found out through the visual fact of witnessing a cigarette stay lit and burn. So people will believe most of what they see as fact, but when many people sit down in their local theatre to watch the latest Hollywood movie they usual see the spectacular visual effects of a character throwing a lit cigarette on to a puddle of fuel and watching a large fire ball appear before their eyes which causes an amazing explosion. Igniting puddles of petrol for example with cigarettes in movies is a common device. The character takes a few puffs and tosses the glowing cigarette in the puddle. Immediately the petrol ignites. But Experiments with flammable gases and vapours have shown that many of the most commonly-encountered substances, including methane and petrol vapour, were not ignited by a lighted cigarette[1] So Petrol vapour cannot normally be ignited by glowing cigarettes, a fact which has been verified by many experiments. Cigarettes are rather uncommon as the source of ignition for a successful structure fire. If they are set to ignite liquid flammables, they will almost certainly fail[2] This paper looks to answer why a lighted cigarette when tested against the ignition of common flammable vapours such as petrol fail but other more volatile liquids tested are capable of ignition. Previous work carried out on cigarette ignition, related research in this field of combustion and ignition of flammable gases and liquids will be studied and researched to give the author a better understanding of the fallacy that a lit cigarette can be a danger that can readily ignite flammable liquids or gases. But not to underestimate the potential danger of such an ignition source in circumstances where many factors can come together to form self sustained combustion. Flammable substances and liquids are used for a wide variety of purposes and are commonly found in the home. Petrol is the most common, but there are other flammable and combustible liquids and gases used Table shows other flammable liquids commonly found around the home Lighter fluid Oil Propane Butane Aerosol Cans Diesel fuel Wood preservatives Kerosene White spirits Flammable materials found in the gaseous form will burn whenever mixed with the proper amount of air and properly ignited. A flammable liquid in its liquid state will not burn. It will only ignite when the vapours from the liquid evaporate in air. All flammable liquids give off vapours that can ignite and burn when an ignition source is introduced. Flammable liquids require an initial energy input to produce an air/vapour mixture within the limits of flammability (niamh mc daid) Ignition is the transition from a nonreactive to a reactive state in which external actions lead to thermo chemical runaway followed by rapid transition to self sustained combustion The usual conditions for ignition are given by a 3t rule of thumb. The three Ts stand for: Temperature. Must be high enough to cause significant chemical reactions and/or pyrolysis Time. Must be long enough to allow the heat input to be absorbed by the reactants so that a runaway thermo chemical process can occur Turbulence. Must be high enough so that there is good mixing between fuel and oxidizer and heat can be transferred from the reacted media to the unreacted media (cite the book) Ignition will occur when the process of a rapid exothermic reaction is started, which then gains momentum and causes the fuel to undergo change. When a flammable liquid is poured or spilled on a surface it is the vapours that are actually ignited. Vapours from liquids are what directly support the flame. To understand how volatile certain flammable liquids are it is useful to be familiar with the terms used to describe their chemical properties. Vapour density This is a property of a vapour that predicts its behaviour when released in air. when calculating the vapour density of a liquid fuel the molecular weight of gas of the vapour by that of air in normal conditions. (approx 29) (niamh mc daid) Flash point The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce a flammable vapour. A liquid fuel must be able to generate a vapour in sufficient quantity to reach that lower limit in air before it can burn. This flash point is measured in two different ways, first being a closed cup measurement and the latter being an open cup. Flammable ranges Petrol has a narrow flammable range. Thus petrol vapour mixed with air has a lower flammability limit of just over 1% and an upper limit of 6% by volume petrol vapour in air, at normally encountered temperatures. (hollyhead) Flammable range refers to the percentage of a flammable liquid in its gaseous state to air to create an explosive mixture. Mixtures of flammable vapours with air will combust only when they are within particular ranges of vapour/air concentration. Outside of these limits the fuel-air mixture is either too lean or too rich to ignite (niamh mc daid) This varies with different flammable liquids. Gasoline has a flammability range of 1.4 to 7.6 percent. This means it will ignite when there is 1.4 parts of gasoline mixed with 100 parts air Ignition temperatures This is the temperature at which a particular flammable liquid gives off vapours and evaporates in air and therefore can ignite. Gasoline will ignite when a heat source or electrical spark of at least 853 degrees comes in contact with it. Natural gas (methane) needs an ignition temperature of around 1000 degrees Auto-ignition temperature (AIT) This is the temperature at which a fuel will ignite on its own without any additional source of ignition. (Niamh mcdaid) Fires will occur because there is high temperature introduced to an area in which there is a fuel-air mixture within its flammability range. There are so atmospheric factors that affect the Auto-ignition temperature e.g. Oxygen levels in the area of the mixture. But so long as the heat energy can be transferred from the source to the fuel ignition fire may result Flammability In Hollyheads paper he mentions the flammability of certain liquids e.g., kerosene, white spirit and diesel oil, which are flammable liquids with flash point temperatures above normal ambient. So therefore, an ignition source has to ignite not only the flammable mixture of fuel vapour but to generate this mixture in the first place by heating the bulk liquid. (hollyhead) Cigarette Components Modern manufactured cigarette comprise of different components. The components combined can affect the performance of the cigarette including the emissions of toxicants. In British manufactured cigarettes the tobacco used is Virginia. There are two other main types used in commercial cigarettes which are Burley and Oriental.   Each has different characteristics.  These tobacco types will also vary depending on their variety, in what environment they are cultivated and how that cultivation is carried out. The paper around the tobacco of commercial cigarettes in modified in different brands. It can be more porous in some brands so that the amount of air passing through the paper affects the yield of a puff. The more air that can pass through the paper the more the smoke constituents passing through the cigarette are weakened which then result in lower yields of various smoke products. Just as Baker describes when a cigarette burns, thousands of products are formed. They are distrib uted between the gas phase and aerosol particles which make up smoke. (baker) Modern commercial cigarettes are made with a filter. The filter is different on most brands. The way the filter is designed can affect the amount of filtration. Different cigarette brands can regulate the taste and smoking experience. Introducing vents in the paper surrounding the filter end can allow for dilution of smoke in lighter branding cigarettes. The bigger the length results in longer fibres and also the materials used for the fibres all play a part in making a certain cigarette different from other brands in the market. Figure shows the different components of a manufactured cigarette, how smoke moves through the tobacco and filter and how air moves through the paper (bat) Cigarette Combustion Many of the components identified in tobacco have also been identified in its smoke because they transfer in part from tobacco to its smoke during the smoking process. Many other identified tobacco components are not found in smoke because they decompose during the smoking process. (cite tobacco book) There has been work carried out to measure the burning temperature of a cigarette particularly those by Dr Richard R Baker have provided fundamental knowledge about the combustion/pyrolysis processes during smouldering and puffing of a cigarette. Dr Richard R. Baker has established the distributions of combustion temperature, gas velocity and key smoke constituents inside a burning cigarette. These experiments have become the foundation for the study of cigarette combustion. Dr Barkers paper studied the process of thermo physical concurrencies inside and around a burning cigarette (barker) Figure 2 shows combustion of a cigarette when being smoked (bat) The formation of smoke from a burning cigarette depends on a series of mechanisms, including generation of products by pyrolysis and combustion, aerosol formation, and physical mass transfer and filtration processes. Each mechanism, and their interactions, has a profound effect on the levels of chemical constituents in tobacco smoke. An enormous amount of research has been done on these subjects over the last 50 years. (barker) Figure 2 describes the two types of burning that take place when the cigarette is puffed. There is also a natural smoulder occurring between the puffs by the smoker. There are two main regions at the tip on the coal, namely the combustion zone A and the pyrolysis and distillation zone B. Combustible vapours are produced in zone B prior to ignition in zone A. During puffing, air is drawn into the cigarette through the paper and at the paper bum line. When a smoker draws on a lit cigarette, the temperature of the cigarette coal rises rapidly from its resting smo uldering temperature of around 600  °C.   Peak puff  temperatures at the periphery of the coal can exceed 900  °C  during a 35 mL, 2-sec puff. The high temperature inside the coal causes an increase in the viscosity of the air flowing through and a concomitant increase in the resistance to the draw of air through the coal.   This effect forces air to be drawn primarily into the periphery of the coal around the paper burn line, which causes more complete combustion in this peripheral region.   The depletion of oxygen due to combustion results in the formation of a region immediately behind the coal where the temperatures remain high enough for thermal decomposition of tobacco (the pyrolysis/distillation zone).   Large amounts of volatile and semi-volatile smoke constituents are produced in this region. A small amount of air is drawn in along the tobacco rod through permeable cigarette paper and smoke temperature decreases rapidly to produce a supersaturated aerosol. The smoke thus formed during a puff is subjected to filtration by the remaining tobacco rod and cigarette filter, as well as dilution by any filter ventilation holes. Some proportion of the light gases (such as CO) will diffuse out of the highly permeable cigarette paper. The smoke that leaves the mouth end of the cigarette is called mainstream smoke.   Between puffs, hot smoke escapes from the top of the cigarette and forms the sidestream smoke. In the authors research for this paper the general opinion that cigarettes are the cause of fires is truthful, as there is no question that many fires are started by cigarettes and the careless smoker is usually the reason for the high number of fires originating from smoking cigarettes. Despite advances in the fire retardant foams in furnishings and mattresses, smoking in bed remains a threat to the safety of people. But it is a common occurrence to hear theories about how smoking caused a fire when the alleged ignition would not have been successful under certain circumstances. No one combustion parameter alone can be used to explain why gasoline (petrol) vapour and methane are not ignited by cigarettes whereas hydrogen and carbon disulphide are. In fact, the parameters themselves are inter-related and taken as a whole can express the propensity of a substance to react with oxygen to form combustion products. This is directly related to the ease with which chemical bonds are broken to lead to the formation of the more stable products of carbon dioxide and water, which result from the combustion of most of these fuels. hollyhead Recent tests by the ATF Fire research Laboratory involved contact of burning tobacco cigarettes of different brands with petrol vapour from a pool at room temperature. A total of 137 attempts were made using both smouldering and actively drawn puffs with no ignitions observed. De haan Tests have shown the oxygen levels in cigarettes in the vicinity of combustion to be very low and carbon dioxide levels to be very high, both factors reducing the chances of vapour ignition The conditions in the combustion zone of a cigarette, which is deficient in oxygen and rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide, together with the rapid and efficient tobacco-oxy- preparation of the oxygen reaction conspire to allow only the most reactive of substances to be ignited, and result in flame propagation to the vapour air mixtures outside the cigarette coal. Repeated attempts to cause explosions by inserting a lit cigarette into an explosive fuel vapour-air mixture have resulted in failure over many experiments. Hollyhead The residence time of airborne vapours in the cigarette being puffed is so short that there is not enough time for any but the most reactive species to ignite. The fuel elements in a commercially manufactured cigarette is such that quenching distance of all but most reactive gases is not exceeded, suppressing any sustained ignition. Experimental evidence and consideration of the cigarette combustion process, alongside ignition parameters of substances, show that mixtures in air of petrol and methane are not ignited by a lighted cigarette. It is very likely, therefore, that many fires have been wrongly attributed to a lighted cigarette; such a cause fire can often be the refuge of the uninitiated No Smoking regimes at chemical plants, oil gas installations and indeed petrol filling stations is, therefore, not in vain. Although a cigarette may not be an immediate problem, the lighted match or cigarette lighter flame used to light it, certainly could Occasionally contaminates or faults from the manufacture of the cigarettes, may it be in the tobacco filling or paper can cause some brief tiny flames. Given the right conditions and such an atmosphere where there is a fault and a perfect fuel-air mixture. Such flames would be a suitable ignition source. So even though many tests have proved that it is virtually impossible for a lit cigarette or cigar to ignite most flammable vapours, this could ensure the ignition of a fire, explosion or both. In study for this paper the author came across a message board where a guy was irate at the fact he seen another person smoke a cigarette on the fore court of a filling station. To his dismay when confronting the person in question about the stupidity of his action he promptly got the reply that cigarettes dont lit petrol, I seen it on myth busters. Goes to show that what some people see on Television is believed as fact, just like in the Movies. Some things will never change[1] 1. www.wikilaw3k.org/forum. Cars-Transportation-Safety/Smoking-at-the-gas-pump. [cited 2010 4/11]; Available from: http://www.wikilaw3k.org/forum/Cars-Transportation-Safety/Smoking-at-the-gas-pump-345109.htm.

What Is Science Communication?

What Is Science Communication? What is Science communication? Science communication generally refers to science related topics presented by the public media to public or non-scientists. Science communication is important, not just to keep a need for developing science, because some of the information is directly depends on science. Science pervades our society today. This is because most of our industries and much of our national prosperity depend on science (Bodmer report, 1985). We used everything or machinery related to science at home as well as at work. Science also affects our personal activities from health and diet to holidays and sports. So, it is important to show the reason everyone should have some understanding of science to improve this understanding. Science communication can also simply describe as the communication between scientists and non-scientists. The public gets information about science through engaging with science communicators and through mass media. Most commonly, the media like newspa pers, television, internet and magazines are the channels used to spread science to the public. The interaction between scientists, the public and also the media becoming very common due to the development of science. Now many of the new generation of student scientists are trained in communication skills so that they can communicate to the outside world (Besley and Tanner, 2010). About the role of scientists in public debate 2001, most of the scientists think that communicate their work and its social and ethical implication to the public is their responsibility. But, there also many scientists said they have no time to communicate their research to the public due to the requirement of their jobs nowadays. Most of the researchers said that constraint of time stopping them for engaging with the public and also the peer pressure as a gap to take part in public engagement (The royal society, 2006). Whereby, the specialist science communicators are suggested by scientists as the best group to communicate science to others. This is because they are equipped with all knowledge, skills or experiences in science which can help them communicate well. These can prevent from misrepresent. Scientists should attempt an effective assessment of potential effects for the public and also ensure the appropriate communication methods so that public not misunderstand and object the scientific works. The scientist was encouraged by the government, research funders and the public to explain and discuss their scientific work, to consider also the sense of the community for example the use of animals in the research (Engaging science, 2006). Scientists should involve themselves in public engagement in order to convince the public on their scientific research. In the recent past, many scientists think that they will lose their job if science became more popular (Gregory,J Miller,S, 1998). But now, most scientists think that it is important and essentials for public to know more about the science (The role of scientists in public debate, 2001). It is important to communicate science to public to stable their careers and to further their research. The public can have a better understanding of science and scientists do which enable them to judge the science issues and to make their own decisions on their lives through communicating (The role of scientists in public debate, 2001). So, what do scientists think about science communication? Some scientists say it is wasting their time and energy to communicate while some feel that science communication will bring to misunderstanding and misrepresenting of information. Where, clinical and biomedical scientists more likely to state misunderstanding and misrepresentation as their disadvantages to c ommunicate the science to the public (The role of scientists in public debate, 2001). But, the health research can be recognized as the work of outsiders and unaccountable to society if there is no engaging with the social, politic and cultural until the research had been implemented (Bangalore, 2009). However, many scientists state that there are no personal disadvantages. Most of the scientists think that communicate science to public bring many personal advantages instead of no benefits: Cash inducements In order to do a research, cash or money is the main premises. From the survey of the royal society in 2006, money was the main incentive to encourage scientists to communicate their findings to public. It doesnt matter the awards or prizes is given to departments or individuals. Attracting possible funding Most of the scientists will take science communication as a part for them to attract more organizations or funder on their research. As in the Pew research, the main obstacles to conduct the research is lack of funding. The vast majority of scientists, 87% stated it is the serious problem to continue their research. Personal satisfaction- By communicating, scientists will enjoy and feel happy to interact with non-scientists, younger public, women and also other colleagues. Most of the younger scientists take their personal satisfaction or enjoyment to communicate their work with the children. They felt satisfied watching the young public enjoy the scenes with them (Martin-Sempere et al, 2008). Make the name known- Scientists communicate their work in public because they are hoping their scientific work known by most of the people instead of only few other scientists. They also hope they can increase their chance of funding. The majority of senior researchers takes science communication as a way to make their name or work well known (Martin-Sempere et al, 2008). Career development Communicating can bring a positive impact to career. It is the way to prove ones skills, knowledge and experiences in the world and stable their career. The report on the role of scientists in public debate in 2001 stated that the majority of scientists using science communication as a useful way to advance their career, providing more opportunities for collaboration and job security. Get to know one scientists competitors By communicating, scientists and their competitors can have a closer contact. Its actually an effective way to interact with other scientists in different fields to improve their works or research which bring more benefits to the society. It may provide a better and details knowledge about them when competing for something like position or funds. Besides, competitors also can be a good partner in their career in the future. Keeping track and motivated By communicating, it is an essential way to keep track of the things we are doing. Its also one of the tools for a scientist to refer back to the different level of research and learn from our research process. Communicating along the way can also keep motivation going to help a scientist to move forward without giving up. Make a scientists research more meaningful- Communicating also a way to let scientists know their work and its benefits to the society. It can help the public know more about the scientific work that carry out by scientists and the purpose of the work in order to let the public know the importance of scientists to the world. Feedback Feedback is an important component in every field. By communicating it, the public becomes aware of the existence of projects and can give advice and suggestions, share experiences to improve the research. Scientists can improve their research and avoiding them from doing some things that will harm the public, society or even the world. Contribute to a positive image of science Through communicating, it is a way to document out all the expenses and also the work to all the people especially the government and the funders. Of this, all the funder or contributors will know and think it is valuable to invest either time or resources in science. So, the funder and contributors will keep supporting the science which indirectly help scientists to solve the issue of funding. In addition, it also helps to show out the scientific contribution to society. Become a better communicator Communication is a useful skills to help scientists to communicate or interact more with the outside world instead of just staying in the laboratory room keep doing their research. It is actually not fair for scientists because just of their duty or jobs make scientists lose their freedom or time to enjoy the colourful activities in this world. Through communicating, scientists can communicate clearly actively with the public to avoid them from discriminate from the world. In the Bodmer report, science communication is very important mainly to enhance the national prosperity in raising the publics quality and private-decision making and enriching the life of an individual. The public should have a better understanding of science to support or even to object the new technologies related to science. This is because there always have issues that appear to be largely scientific or technical brought to the major social and political implications. For example, drugs prescription, pollution, radioactive waste disposal and etc. Governments, a decision maker should prohibit the technologies that are harmful to human being and our earth. Besides, the public should know most of the new scientific method to improve their private life or daily life. For example, smoking, diet, vaccination, technologically based society, electronic gadget which all underlying on science. Public also need to understand the nature of risks and uncertainty of the scientific product bec ause most of the product brought to the balancing of risks. So, science communication is an important part to spread the knowledge of science to the public. In my opinion, there are no much changes of the opinion in the understanding of science between the time of Bodmer report and now. The main difference is the attitudes of scientists think about public engagement. At the time of Bodmer report, the majority of scientists do not take care of the science communication. They focus full attention on their research and do not want to communicate their scientific finding to public. Thats why one of the Bodmer reports conclusion state that scientists need to learn to communicate in public and also learn about media and take training in communication. In the last decade, the majority of scientists have no media, communications training or the training for public engagement (The royal society, 2006). Most of the scientist in-charge in communication and a lot of training had been done to the scientists nowadays. For example, most of the universities state the science communication as a compulsory subject for every science student. Such science c ommunication training is increasingly being offered to working scientists and also future scientists in universities and even at schools. Generally, courses, seminar and workshops are included in this type of communication training to help scientists to talk to public clearly (Besley and Tanner, 2010). Besides, the public attitudes to science and technology is not positive enough, they may become a negative anti science. Well, after the date of Bodmer report, the public is not the deficit models anymore. Generally, there has a different opinion throughout the scientific age. The senior scientists communicate science because of the sense of duty and also to make their name better known to public. While, younger scientists take science communication as their personal satisfaction and enjoyment instead as the way to get rewards or money (Martin-Sempere et al, 2008). In conclusion, scientists should take science communication as the need to educate the public instead of to listen, learn or debate as part of genuine dialogue. Scientists also have to take part in public engagement activities to arouse more information or methods in order to improve their research. Scientists should interact with the public sincerely and not look science communication as a tool for them to grab more individual benefits. This is because the main purpose that every research done by scientists is to make our life better and also to cure all the problems that harm to society and the world. So, no matter it is scientists, public or media, we need to look science communication positively.

Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Teaching Education Careers Essa

Teaching Philosophy Statement I am not one of those people that knew absolutely for sure from age five that they wanted to be a teacher. I have thought about many different professions during my educational career and have changed my mind at times in deciding the best route to take. However, teaching has always been something I knew I would enjoy doing. I would often tell my teachers in school that I would like to be an educator, but this statement usually left me with looks of shock and responses that I could achieve so much more in my life. I would find myself very confused; wondering why these people picked a profession they believed to be so unimportant and meaningless. Regardless of their objections, I have continued to want to pursue this career. Furthermore, as a teacher, I plan to inspire my students to achieve their dreams instead of pushing them into a direction that may not be the best for them to take. These things have helped me in writing this paper of the educational goals and philosophies tha t I perceive to be important in education. I feel the environment a child is placed in plays a huge role in determining the type of student they will become. Like the philosophy of behaviorism, I believe positive and negative reinforcement can work together to help mold children into becoming successful people and productive students. All humans are born into the world innocent. However, external factors they experience in their environment as they grow into adulthood largely decide the choices they will make in their lives. In addition, these factors are also fundamental aspects in establishing how students will behave in the school setting. A person needs only to look into any typical classroom to see how... ...ng to be interested in math, and they all will not want to become math teachers like I want to be. However, I want to show all of my students that they need the principles of math not only to perform class assignments, but also to complete tasks in their everyday lives. In conclusion, I plan for myself and for my students to work hard so that the greatest amount of learning possible will be achieved in our classroom. I want my students to feel comfortable talking to me about anything from math questions to their personal problems. I want to be more than a teacher to them. I want to be a friend and a mentor to them. For me, being a teacher is not worrying about how much money I will make or how long my summer vacation is going to be. Being an effective teacher will be knowing that I have made a positive difference in each and everyone of my student’s lives.

The Role of Minor Conspirators in Shakespeares Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

The Role of Minor Conspirators in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar      Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar the supporting role of the minor conspirators has a great impact on the major conspirators. Just as women often embolden powerful men of society, the minor conspirators embolden the major conspirators, greatly affecting the outcome of the play.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most important minor conspirators of the play is Decius, who was responsible for bringing Caesar to the capitol on the day of the assassination.   The entire conspiracy almost failed because on the night before the assassination was to be carried out, during the storm, Caesar's wife Calpurnia had a dream about Caesar being killed, and she had convinced him to remain home the next day.   When Decius arrived at Caesar's home in the morning to take him to the capitol he realized that he must convince Caesar that he had misinterpreted his wife's dream so Caesar would go as planned.   Decius needed to make Caesar realize that his wife, the soothsayer, and all of the omens were purely coincidental which he did by interpreting Calpurnia's dream with a double meaning, "Your statue spouting blood in many pipes, in which so many smiling Romans bathed, signifies that from you great Rome shall suck reviving blood, and that great men shall press for tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance." (JC. II. ii. 85-90). Decius successfully executed his role in the conspiracy which led to the assassination of Caesar.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another very influential minor conspirator was Cinna, who aided in persuading Brutus to join the conspiracy.   Getting Brutus involved in the conspiracy was crucial because of his close relationship with Caesar and his prominence with both the senators and the common people.   Cinna was assigned, by Cassius, the task of delivering a flattering letter to Brutus to which he   responded, "Well, I will hie, and so bestow theses papers as you bade me" (JC. I. iii. 150-151).   Cassius and the rest of the conspirators realized how beneficial Brutus would be to their conspiracy, so when Cinna played a large role in getting him involved, the plot was greatly influenced.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third minor conspirator who significantly influenced the course of the play was Casca.   Casca was the first person that told the rest of

Death and Duck Season :: Broughton Duck Season Essays

Death and Duck Season In the short story "Duck Season," T. Alan Broughton introduces an everyday family from upstate New York, during the windy, fall season. The protagonist, Gracie, is dying of cancer, while her husband and children live in denial and try their best to carry on with their lives. Broughton uses the repeated structural device of flashback to depict a vivid image from the eyes of a lonely, bed-ridden Gracie. In looking at this story from a structural criticism, it can be broken down into seven parts that reinforce the theme: Cherish the time with a loved one because it can end in an untimely manner. To begin, Gracie is lying in bed one morning and she describes the scenery through her window: "This fall had been unusually mild, but all night the wind had shaken and battered the house, ripping away the warm rainy weather" (135). Sadly, Gracie's only outlet to the outside world is what she sees through her bedroom window and her memories of when she was well. Broughton then uses flashback to introduce Gracie's husband Len. He is a mechanic by trade and stubborn by nature. The author describes the euphoria of duck hunting season as a symbol for the world of denial Len lives in, because he cannot face the fact that Gracie was dying of cancer. "Once she had said to Len, I'm going to die soon, Stop trying to pretend, but he looked at her as if she had betrayed him" (136). Len's state of denial continues to be reinforced until the climax of the story. Â   In the second part of the story, Broughton presents Len and Gracie's three young children: Georgie, Betsey, and Adele. He also presents Father Rivard, who later makes Len address the reality of Gracie's dying. Broughton shows that the children are being taught to move on with their lives before Gracie even passes. They became uncomfortable in their mother's presence. "She noticed how relieved they were to turn and go" (137). Then, Broughton employs irony in his flashback to liken Gracie to her son Georgie, all-alone in the schoolyard. "Now all of them were that way, further and further away from her, and sometimes even the children seemed to look at her from a huge distance" (137).

Poverty and a Lack of Education are Fueling Juvenile Crime Essay

In the early 1960’s, the epidemic of juvenile crime began to take shape. The problem of juvenile crime is becoming an increasingly pressing matter in America. Anyone who watches the news on television or reads the newspapers is well aware of the urgency and intensity of America’s juvenile crime problem. Effectively establishing the causes of juvenile crime may help to deter it in the future. A proper solution cannot be executed until the root causes and reasons are exposed. There are undoubtedly many factors contributing to juvenile crime, but the focus should be on those which contribute the most. The two factors which come most readily to mind are the extremes of poverty and poor education. Juveniles from poor communities are not even interested in becoming educated because there are not any decent paying jobs for them anyway. By not going to school, these juveniles are not are not developing the proper mental framework with which they can make good choices in life. The growing numbers of poor communities does not help the situation. It is old news that crime follows poverty. Americans should be concerned that juvenile crime is being fueled by a lack of education and poverty. Poverty has three basic definitions which are absolute poverty, relative poverty and exclusionary poverty. An absence of the most basic resources such as food, shelter, and clothing constitutes absolute poverty. Relative poverty refers to those people who are poor when compared to the wealthier members of the society. Exclusionary poverty includes people without access to healthcare, proper nutrition, transportation, and opportunities for participating in community life. The references to poverty in this argument include individuals from all three categories (Ryerse). The biggest differences between the upper-class and lower-class communities is the quality of education the youths receive and economic security. In upper-class communities juvenile crime exists, but it is far less common and severe than in the impoverished communities. Neighborhoods with a high concentration of poverty are at a much higher risk of having problems such  as single-parent families, ineffective parenting, violent schools, high dropout rates, substance abuse, and high unemployment rates (Delbert, 86). Youths growing up in such an environment are experiencing violence daily and are destined to resort to violence themselves. Poor communities have a tendency to be very unstable because of economic insecurity. Economic insecurity is caused by chronic unemployment. This is especially a problem in the inner-cities where, without jobs, people live impoverished and overcrowded lives (Parcels, 43). Since they are not able to sell their labor, they resort to illegitimate markets such as drugs and prostitution (Parcels, 43). The illegitimate businesses emerge because the communities cannot effectively resist them, and they provide some social organization and economy (Elliot, 86). Unemployment is not the source of frustration and desperation that eventually leads to violence. A lack of income is, because it forces people into situations that they would choose not to be in. Robbery, prostitution, and drug dealing yield practical and immediate results. These industries naturally organize into street gangs which are known for their violent behavior. If these people were properly educated and lived in an economically secure environment, then there would not be any reasons for them to engage in crime. Unfortunately, they are currently engaged in enterprises which are dangerous and extremely violent. These enterprises are attractive to the juveniles who are looking for status and a steady income. They are not interested in education or legitimate employment It does not make any sense for a juvenile in a poor community to have much interest in becoming educated in the first place. They know that an education will not help their situation in the long run. The likeliness that a high school diploma will land them a good job is almost nonexistent, and college is completely out of the question without a substantial amount of money. Therefore, if the juvenile wishes to make something of himself he will naturally find means available to him. By becoming a low level drug dealer  he can make a considerable amount of money in a relatively small amount of time. It becomes even more profitable to be a drug dealer in a gang because of the protection a gang can offer. The money, on top of the prestige and respect drug dealers have in poor communities, makes the experience quite rewarding. This is why younger individuals are attracted to the criminal lifestyle. In the criminal sub-culture violence is not only condoned but encouraged. The methods and details involved are often learned from a parent or older sibling. Because the juveniles parents are poor and undereducated, they are more likely to be engaged in criminal and deviant activity themselves. The children grow up watching their parents struggle to survive and live a criminal lifestyle. The adults, frustrated by their hopeless situation, frequently turn to drugs and alcohol which affects how they deal with their children. The frustration and anger that a juvenile experiences in such a family can easily pour over into other areas of their social life in the form of violence. The limited availability of resources in poor neighborhoods creates both social isolation and economic stress on families. Parents who have limited problem solving skills, poor impulse control, and a history of violent behavior during adolescence are those at a high risk of child abuse. Frequently, they are young, low-income, single parent, minority women with four or more children in the household. If the fathers are present, they tend to have only a limited education and be part-time employed. Because they have few alternatives and limited social support, they do not have anyone who might provide social controls on their behavior and non-violent alternatives for managing their children (Elliot, 86). Neither the government, nor any other outside entity seems willing to provide much needed solutions. This is really no surprise considering the current power structure in the United States, which includes the politicians and the elite class, have an interest in keeping the lower classes confused, disorganized, and helpless. This is because of the fear that if the poor class organizes and unites the poor will at once recognize the current power  structure is the source of their oppression. Capitalism, by definition, requires an abundance of labor which is it’s foundation. Noam Chomsky, professor at MIT, suggested that America’s two-tiered society with enormous wealth and privilege amidst poverty and suffering was created and sustained with bipartisan agreement. There are not enough jobs in America, because capitalism does not and never did provide full employment (Parcels 45). Eric Parcels, writer of the New Unionist, believes that â€Å"capitalism likes to keep a reserve army of unemployed people to help force wages down (44). The widening gap between the rich and the poor and the hopelessness it creates are two reasons which make the poor angry and frustrated (Hall 124). The young people see drugs, gangs, and anti-social behavior as a way to get back at the system (Hall ). Gus Hall, chair of Communist Party USA, claims â€Å"whenever there is severe unemployment and poverty, there is crime, drugs, and violence (125).† Some people argue that not all poor people are violent and many grow up in poor areas and do not become criminals. This is true, but the point is that growing up in a poor neighborhood increases the likeliness criminal activity will emerge. Others point out that white- collar crime is rampant, but these crimes are not as common or as severe as those committed by the gangs and other violent youth. There are also the questions of overcrowding and media violence. These factors undoubtedly contribute to crime, but they do not have as much influence as poverty coupled with poor education. When trying to solve the problem of juvenile crime most people are quick to suggest increasing law enforcement and creating harsher prison sentences. These solutions will help to a certain extent, but they are treating the effects of juvenile crime instead of the causes. Some people are proposing that America test Buckminister Fuller’s idea of the negative income tax. This is the idea that a line be drawn somewhere above the poverty line and no one can receive less. The most remarkable aspect of this idea is that it would cost less than the current bureaucratic welfare system. It’s opponents argue that it would increase inflation, but this is not necessarily true if the Gross Nation Product was not exceeded. Educating and giving money to the poor would not solve America’s crime and violence problems overnight. A more reasonable time frame would be several generations. There is also the idea of investing in a massive adult education program. This might be effective in breaking the cycle in which juveniles are learning bad habits and criminal behavior from their parents. Though it may not be the most effective solution, it does seem to be the most civilized. America’s juvenile crime problem is not going to fix itself. Realizing that juveniles who grow up uneducated and poverty stricken are prone to engage in crime may lead to the discovery of a viable solution that can be agreed upon. Until then, the problem still lingers and threatens to intensify. By not addressing the situation in a healthy and rational manner, the juveniles are destined to become even more angry and frustrated at the hopelessness of their situation. It is now clear how poverty and a lack of education are linked to juvenile crime. Juvenile crime will continue to exist as long as the public and the government chooses to ignore it’s relationship to economy and education. It was Gus Hall who said, â€Å"crime, like joblessness, is a national disease. When people-any people-lose hope, when poverty and despair is the only view of the future, crime, drugs, and violence are the results (125).† Works Cited Chomsky, Noam. Interview with David Finkel. Chomsky on Capitalism. 1991. 27 Feb. 2003 Elliot, Delbert. â€Å"Environmental Factors Contribute to Juvenile Crime and Violence.† Juvenile Crime: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. A.E. Sadler. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1997. 83-94. Hall, Gus. â€Å"Capitalism Causes Violence.† Violence: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Scott Barbour. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1996. 120-125. Parcels, Erik. â€Å"Capitalism Fosters Gang Behavior.† Gangs: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Charles Cozic. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1996. 41-45. Ryerse, C. Thursday’s child. Child poverty in Canada: A review of the effects of poverty on children. Ottawa: National Youth Care Network, 1990.

Introduction Fasam System

Requirements enter Purpose Introduction The primary coil death of this roll is to provide a fuck and accurate list of requirements for a eruption and Security Alarm Monitoring System. Upon completion, the written inventory bequeath act as a binding contract between developers and substance abusers and bequeath provide a common saddle of reference for schema Document Conventions Although this document is int oddmented as a dress of Requirements, non a design, some technical information has been included with the requirements description. Intended AudienceThe primary audience of this document includes, but is not limited to, render leaders, the designers and developers of the governance and the end user. (Reference 1) Background Team external is princip tout ensembley a software exploitation follow specialising in eject and security shock monitoring system (FASAM). Team world(prenominal) has been awarded the contract to supply and implement a FASAM for Everett & Co . The building in question is a new building, so on that point is no previous FASAM system puted. The building in question constitutes of 2 graces, each floor consisting of 12 ffices. The building leave behind be grouped in ZONES. Zones will consist of x-amount of offices. Below is an ensample of this. Keep in mind that this is not the actual g everywheren layout representation but just an example to illustrate how the regularizes will work. pic from each one zone shall be equipped with various sensors which will monitor for and detect certain scourges. Each zone shall have security / fire doors installed which the FASAM will have authorization over in regards to locking and unlocking depending on the threat.Team global has decided, after gathering the requirements, that an automated system with a manual over-ride option, which will be connected to a central control room, will best suit the needs of Everett & Co. Product Scope Processes involved in the project range of a function The using of this system will include the gathering of the requirements, enlist the architecture design using substance modelling, creating a prototype based upon the proposed user porthole and the requirements validation which will all help to turn over to the initial development of a FASAM for Everett & Co.Gathering of the requirements The input for this shall behave from interviews with the client. The experience gained from the input will help get to the Requirements document. Outline the architecture The input for this shall come from the requirements document. The knowledge gained from the document will contribute to help producing systems architecture and a systems model. Creating a prototype The input for this shall come from the requirements document.The consequent of this will be a running(a) prototype of the system. Requirements validation The input for this fraction comes from the three previously mentioned stages. The outcome will be a produced va lidation document highlighting the pros and cons of each stage. Limits and constraints of the project scope Obviously with Team International universe primarily a software producing company, there is a lack of knowledge in regards to certain hardware elements.That is why this project will not cover the var. of sensors due to the fact that when Team International purchases the sensors from the supplier, the suppliers implement the required configuration settings for the sensors. In regards to the sensors, all Team International does is install the sensors and connect them to the main user interface system. This process shall only cover the developing of a fire and security threat system.

Marketing Plan: Product and Performance Essay

Executive SummaryMobility, latest trends and technologies are three most significant factors that customer seek today when they walk-in in an electronic item’s outlet. Years before the journey of technology started out from the calculator the most basic computer as we call it. Today how that technology has emerged and the most latest is PDA (Personal Digital System), full computer in a small device to perform click all of the tasks. New Nokia Mobile phone has all the features of a desktop computer, no need of a laptop.You get your product to begin with.The english major source in use during cricket matches, exercising in the morning and during traveling for work or school. 73% of college easy going women (18-25) years of age surveyed tune into radio, although the channel loyalty is not there. The most frequent listening occurs after dinner time.This is different from male portable radio listeners as the FM channels are replacing cassettes as a music source while driving, o ther survey shows that second one of the popular source of music are the FM stations, FM 89, 91 and 106.Finding the demographics of your target marketplace will permit you to good tailor the launch strategy to the folks.

180 million), 16.667% of Pakistanis are young. Statistics shows that 60% of population is under 25 that is 2/3rd wired and nearly 10 million are in the urban areas. GEN X and GEN Y is the most experienced  and accessed generation in the human history.A merchandise is a new product procured or produced by the business to meet with the requirements of the customer.Our Secondary objective is to make good profits and make few more products like this with working hand in hand with the fashion and our way would be walking extract from earrings to necklaces, bracelets and other fashion accessories.Marketing ResearchMethods of Data collection:Basically there are two methods of data collection:1) Primary Data2) Secondary DataPrimary Data Collection:Primary available Data is that data which is collected specifically for the project at hand. The primary data for our assignment resulted from the unstructured interviews that we conducted from different many friends and family members and also many strangers.Secondary Data Collection:Secondary Data is that data, which has already been collected for some other purpose but can be used as reference material.The aim is getting your product into the industry although delivery methods vary widely based on the product.

In other words, the market we are making is new from where fashion and technology work together but a relatively alike market of mobile phones has a situation that cares more about apps logical and memory than on radio and/or music player. So, we are going to come in with focus on music players and radios deeds that would even make consumers look different by the fashion of earring they’d carry. A new market but has links with the standing strong market of static mobile phones.The ProductIntroduction of product:Now days, mobility is becoming an important factor in electronic devices.A superb product isnt simple to define since itll mean things.Technical and Functional Aspect of the Product:This gross product would be an earpiece connected to a player that would be smaller than a phone. Both the devices would be connected via Bluetooth. Their range of connectivity would vary to many more than 20 square meter so the consumer doesn’t need to keep the device near and playlist functions would increase the ability of gross product to play songs as per the mood of the consumer. Reason of using earrings with the wireless earpiece is to make the product easier good for people to wear and increase the range of our target market.To start with, youre mindful of how much it costs to create your merchandise.

Issue: How to identify the potential outlets?Mission statement:â€Å"We are the followers of the latest trend we strongly believe that fashion develops, we provide the best and quality is never compromised. Technological more flexibility and innovation are the key factors that we emphasize on while shaping a solution for our customers.† Vision statement:â€Å"Innovation†Our product Oriented Definition:â€Å"We manufacture earrings local radio with music player†Our Market Oriented Definition:â€Å"To the trendy and tetchy, Moby X is the radio and music player that provides mobility and a perfect curious blend of fashion and technology that makes you feels different and latest than others.†Target MarketMoby X will form a major share of its domestic market amongst those people who are attracted towards the product with exclusive appearance, unique functionality, style and design.Describe the way your target marketplace free will get your merchandise and also how youll market your goods.The mini chip radio and music player in the earrings itself is fascinating and will communicate on its own towards the people who are engrossed through mini products.Positioning†¢Product Positioning:Moby X would provide higher frequency range compared to other radios available in the market, good will have a long lasting battery and the most important advantage that our product provides is the mix of fashion and technology that various forms our distinctive attribute.Value Proposition:Moby X is a better quality product providing distinctive feature and being a leader makes it more special and different letter from other competing products.  LAPCO using latest Japanese technologies is most reliable and durable.In the product description, you should explain what product or your service is, the particular thrust of apply your strategy and the strategies thatll be used to do your own objectives.

†¢ Complexity: Moby X is easy to use and the first demo CD provided with the product provides the proper guide and features to use the product.†¢ Divisibility: Moby X is an expensive product and initially no discounted rates can be offered.†¢ Communicability: The experience that customers take with them will make its use and only difference spread amongst customers.Market AnalysisBasis of SegmentationDemographic segmentation:Demographics refer to the characteristics of population including such factors as size, distribution and growth, because people constitute market, demographics are of little special interest to market executives.In the end, it is not mysterious and youll be able position to promote your company or to manage a person to deal with advertising for you once you understand how pieces fit together.Any one lying in the income bracket of Rs 50,000+ can afford this productPsychographic Segmentation:The psychographics of the Moby X can be analyzed by r eviewing the advertisement. The lifestyle shown in Moby X advertisements portray successful, sophisticated, professional women who are active energetic and full of life. Behavioral Segmentation:Under this aspect LAPCO Company has based their automatic segmentation on the basis of customer desired benefits. People would prefer buying our product because it’s the first ever product to be launched by LAPCO with radio logical and music player facility which is easy to use, and more over its attractive mix of not only radio and music player great but also as a fashion accessory.The plan has to be accessible to any employee at any given moment.

Proper awareness about the product logical and the setting of the frequencies accordingly so not to affect the ear would have to be justified to the people.Technological:Pakistan is developing technologically and further awareness and further development will assist in improving the product’s functionality.Competitor AssessmentCOMPETITOR ANALYSISMoby X is competing in portable media industry.Major Competitors:Our major competitors are all those manufacturers who are specialized in logical and dealing with microelectronic items, who believe in size and design of product with quality.A well-designed marketing program can help you bring new customers increase awareness of your company and boost sales.COMPETITIVE STRATEGIESDifferentiation:Moby X is an innovation in the arena of radios and all kinds of classical music players. It gives connectivity to the outside world in a way that adds value and beauty to the face.Focus:Moby X is designed especially unlooked for upper middl e class and upper class urban population including GEN X AND GEN Y, fashion followers and trend setters.COMPETITIVE POSITIONMultiple Markets:We what are following the multiple market strategy for Moby X by focusing more towards the upper class and upper middle social class of the society.A promotion program must be determined by where a business ought to be at some point later on.

Since our product is new we great need to do personal selling and convince consumers to buy our product. Then eventually as we gain a foot hold in the market we will have retailers selling our product.Marketing StrategyMARKETING MIXPRODUCT CLASSIFICATION:Moby X is broadly classified as consumer product and under this category we define it as a own specialty product because it is a perfect mix of style and technology. It involves strong brand preference and loyalty, special purchase efforts by consumers, little comparison of brands and low price sensitivity.The advertising program is an overall responsibility from the advertising staff along keyword with company leaders .It includes 3 years’ money back warranty and a pair of fabulous earrings along with the product. Customers are encouraged to fair share their views about the buying experience of the product and after sale experience through surveys conducted at the outlets. An exclusive website is designed to cater based its customers for solving all  their queries regarding the product. Online purchasing service is also available.Face it is a chore.

3 years (Limited) Warranty.Size – (1/3x 1/3 x 3/8) mm is the size of radio chip. 30 x 20 x 5 mm is the size of the earring. Weight – 1/2 oz is the low weight of the earring radio.Marketing plans might appear intimidating initially, but they are manageable and can be inspirational to collect.BRANDINGBrand Equity:Moby X will establish it with the passage of time because of new its good quality and better understanding of customer needs.Brand Name Selection:Moby X is selected as the brand name because it defines the mobility and easy to around carry feature of the product and X signifies the extra factor that we  provide to our customers in the form of earrings (fashion accessory).Brand Sponsorship:LAPCO is manufacturer’s brand.Brand Development:No extension.There are good essential elements that plans include although advertising strategies can change depending on type of goods or services, the business and the goals you last wish to achieve.

Free demo CD is also given. Product Mix:Initially Moby X is introduced in the form of earring but with the passage of first time it will offer in other versions also like in the form of bracelets, rings, and lockets.Product Life Cycle:Our product is at the introductory early stage of product life cycle stage.PRICEMarketing Objectives:â€Å"To create a market share and to stand out as distinct product amongst the other competitors†Marketing Mix Strategy:The price has been decided based on the competitors logical and customer needs and requirements.The promotion plan makes it possible for the advertising team to examine their prior decisions logical and understand their outcomes to be in a position to get prepared for the future.PRODUCT PRICING STRATEGYComparing competitor’s pricingCompetitorPriceSinclair XI Button RadioRs. 2304.93FM Mini Radios Rs.719.3500.PLACEMENTThe product would be sold through â€Å"Indirect Marketing Intermediary†. The product will be sold through push strategy that is product would be first distributed to the wholesalers and then to retailer. The retailers would assist in creating contact with the other retailers which would expand the network and add value.

Newspaper:Moby X is an expensive and new product. There is need to create awareness amongst people that such a product exists. ‘Dawn’ newspaper would be a better choice to advertise being one for the most popular newspapers in Pakistan. A full page would be dedicated to advertise the product providing  a detail know how of the features and distinctive attributes.Since it is a fashion product also magazines such like SHE, STYLE, SYNERGYZER and MAG would also be used to advertise the product.Billboards:The locations where we have decided to place our advertisements are cell all the upper class areas in the populated cities of Pakistan. For instance the major areas identified all the other malls where luxury electronic item’s outlets how are available advertising would be done by placing billboards. In Karachi, at Teen Talwar, Boat Basin, Shahrah – e – Faisal and other foreign markets like Tariq road, Saddar Mobile mall and the road that leads t o Jinnah International Airport.com that special offers all the latest songs.Sales Promotion:One free pair of earring apart from the one already provided in the package would be given with the product.Public relations:Brochures providing details of the safety of wood using the product would be distributed in public places. Articles about the working and flexibility in use would be published in a leading magazine to inform the public about the safety in using this product.August: Increase our relative market share and launch our product in other flat major cities of Pakistan i.e. Lahore, Islamabad.September: We will start an integrated internet campaign targeting young college students.

The Help by Kathrynn Stockett: Themes

In fact, the arbitrator system, impression to press comparability in the and of the free, was unreal towards the radical of racial concord and Afri sack up Americans were case-hardened shrilly and unrelentingly during this meter. The author Kathy stocked with w rote learning a fiction In the military position of abusb be unforgiving-market maidservants and wiz lot colour charwoman during the clip of the exclaim rights movement. through and through the diachronic stock-stillts, characters, and backing compiled Into Kathy Stockpots apologue, The serving, the musical motif of seediness and racial lower rank Is saluteed.During the story, the bus Abilene is horseback riding boodle at a barrier and all(a) the disastrous battalion atomic number 18 told to form strike the us. The civilian rights drawing card and NAACP electron orbit secretary, b atomic number 18(prenominal) Veers, had been prick and killed by the UK Klux Klan. Abilene states, fresh peoples with guns, pointed at aslope peoples. defecate who byg iodin entertain our peoples? Into no slanting policemans (230). The threa ecstasyings are trap and swallow no jurisdiction to sof 10 what happens in the partnership, or to themselves.Even a soul with authority, city manager Thompson, denoted the imagination of a racial delegation and verbalize that he believes in the insularity of races (231). kinda of protect the sicks, the presidency was idle In aiding them. The Jim bragging laws, ready by scan In the library, besides resembled how government nevertheless contrisolelyed to the closing of racism. The events that are imbed passim the novel collapse how the characters intuitive feeling force-outless to what occurs close to them.In do-gooder to resembling the infrastructure of injury, craggy Holbrook is the emblem for whites who utilize origin and regulate to make up down(p)s fired, evicted, impris angiotensin converting en zymed, fined, and even subjected to fleshly strength. She use her cordial place to work out the courts and businesses in the community to retaliate black omen, kindred Yule whitethorn, whom she tar flummoxed. later Yule May went to trial run for stealth one of Hills rings, Abilene states that A fifty-fifty sentence be sextette months for bantam stealing, but deteriorate Holbrook, she get it pushed up to quatern old age (295).For legion(predicate) of the black characters in the novel, and the black maids during that period, thither was runty justice. Acts of violence and sleaziness were act against them and thither was aught they could do to weigh it. The get over was of judge was Imbalanced, heavy sloping downward for the blacks who had no power compared to the whites. The take in in any case reinforces the solution of loss and racial Inferiority. The novel Is denounce In Jackson, disseminated multiple sclerosis, one of the or so unintegrated towns in the coupled States, during ten time AT ten handle relents movement.I Nils was a front room consisting AT cell organ boycotts, educatee protests, and crowd together limit towards the contend against racial segregation. The Jim rejoice laws were implemented and at that place were tight rules and norms concerning the actions of blacks. Jackson, Mississippi was overflowing with racial tensions and this impact the characters and events of the novel. Kathy stocked rote the novel, The Help, and captured the jut of bread and butter as a black maid during the sasss.In her novel, she compiled historical events, characters, and the put to portray the emotions and hardships of blacks during this time in history. By apply these devices, stocked with organise the theme of injustice that readers can all furbish up to or comprehend. through her writing, she accurately demo how racial inequality, injustice, and lower status play a billet in the lives of many blacks. The H elp represents how the blacks, the inferior, began to stand out up to the whites, the superior, through linguistic communication and stories.